Prm1 protamine 1 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Prm1provided by MGI
Official Full Name: protamine 1provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:97765
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000022501 AllianceGenome:MGI:97765
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Prm-1
Summary: Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Acts upstream of or within nucleus organization and spermatid development. Located in male germ cell nucleus. Is expressed in testis. Orthologous to human PRM1 (protamine 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Restricted expression toward testis adult (RPKM 5403.2) See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 16 A1; 16 5.87 cM

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	16	NC_000082.7 (10614196..10614687, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	16	NC_000082.6 (10796332..10796823, complement)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000082.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Sperm chromatin structure and reproductive fitness are altered by substitution of a single amino acid in mouse protamine 1.
Title: Sperm chromatin structure and reproductive fitness are altered by substitution of a single amino acid in mouse protamine 1.
Loss of Prm1 leads to defective chromatin protamination, impaired PRM2 processing, reduced sperm motility and subfertility in male mice.
Title: Loss of Prm1 leads to defective chromatin protamination, impaired PRM2 processing, reduced sperm motility and subfertility in male mice.
Data show that male mice from lines showing moderate transgene expression were fully fertile whereas strong overexpression of the Prm1-EGFP fusion protein resulted in complete and dominant male sterility.
Title: Genetic vasectomy-overexpression of Prm1-EGFP fusion protein in elongating spermatids causes dominant male sterility in mice.
Study shows that protamine 1 and 2 mRNAs, which are specific to the round spermatid stage, are repressed at the two-pronuclei and two-cell stages postfertilization, respectively, in embryos created by round spermatid injection, by distinct mechanisms.
Title: Transcriptional and epigenetic status of protamine 1 and 2 genes following round spermatids injection into mouse oocytes.
JHDM2A directly binds to and controls the expression of transition nuclear protein 1 (Tnp1) and protamine 1 (Prm1) genes, the products of which are required for packaging and condensation of sperm chromatin
Title: Histone demethylase JHDM2A is critical for Tnp1 and Prm1 transcription and spermatogenesis.
docking of protamine 1 to the nuclear envelope is an important intermediate step in spermiogenesis
Title: Temporal association of protamine 1 with the inner nuclear membrane protein lamin B receptor during spermiogenesis.
Germ cell nuclear factor acts as a repressor of basal transcription on both the Protamine 1 and Protamine 2 promoters.
Title: Reciprocal regulation of the mouse protamine genes by the orphan nuclear receptor germ cell nuclear factor and CREMtau.

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Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (5) 1 citation
Targeted (1) 1 citation

General gene information

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Markers

mPrm1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:514589

Prm1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:498765

Prm1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:526978

Prm1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:265426

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within chromosome condensation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within nucleus organization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in sperm DNA condensation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within spermatid development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
NOT located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in male germ cell nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
part_of nucleosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: sperm protamine P1

Names: cysteine-rich protamine

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.