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    IGK immunoglobulin kappa locus [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 50802, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    IGKprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    immunoglobulin kappa locusprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:5715
    See related
    AllianceGenome:HGNC:5715
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    IGK@
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    Genomic context

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    See IGK in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    2p11.2
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (88857361..90235368)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (88866370..90790947)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (89156874..90274235)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene MIR4436A-IGK intergenic CAGE-defined B cell enhancer Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124907856 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa deleting element or like Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 4-1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 5-2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa joining 5 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa joining 4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa joining 3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa joining 2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa joining 1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 7-3 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa constant Neighboring gene piggyBac transposable element derived 4 pseudogene 5 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-4 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-5 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-6 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-7 (non-functional) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-8 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-10 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-11 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-9 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-12 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-13 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-14 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-15 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-17 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-18 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-19 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-20 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 6-21 (non-functional) Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107985910 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-23 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-22 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-24 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-25 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-26 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-27 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-28 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-29 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-30 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-31 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-32 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-33 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-34 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-35 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-36 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-37 (non-functional) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-38 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-39 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-40 Neighboring gene proton channel OTOP1-like Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:91799900-91800404 Neighboring gene lymphocyte specific protein 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11736 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16178 Neighboring gene lysine methyltransferase 2C pseudogene 4 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89850195-89851044 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89851045-89851894 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89851895-89852742 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89852743-89853592 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89853593-89854440 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89859347-89859897 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89860208-89860918 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89860919-89861628 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89864940-89865490 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89866363-89867238 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89867239-89868114 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89868115-89868990 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89869865-89870740 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89870741-89871614 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89871615-89872490 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89872491-89873364 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89873365-89874240 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89876866-89877741 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89875991-89876865 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89875116-89875990 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89874241-89875115 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89877742-89878616 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89878617-89879491 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:89879492-89880365 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105374862 Neighboring gene ATP binding cassette subfamily D member 1 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-40 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-38 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16179 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-37 (non-functional) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-36 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-35 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-34 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-33 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-32 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-31 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-30 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-28 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-27 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-26 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-25 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-24 (non-functional) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-23 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-22 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-21 (non-functional) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-20 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-19 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-18 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-41 (non-functional) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-17 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-16 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-15 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-14 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-13 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-12 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-11 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-10 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:90527913-90528424 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-42 (non-functional) Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:90518809-90519310 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:90519311-90519810 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-43 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:90485521-90486290 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:90484749-90485520 Neighboring gene OCT4-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:90482237-90483224 Neighboring gene OCT4-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:90481250-90482236 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:90480262-90481249 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:90476879-90477408 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:90475288-90476036 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101926946 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:90470323-90470902 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1/OR2-118 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-8 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-7

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. IGK with conserved IGΚV/IGΚJ repertoire is expressed in acute myeloid leukemia and promotes leukemic cell migration. Wang C, et al. Oncotarget, 2015 Nov 17. PMID 26429876, Free PMC Article
    2. Molecular study of an IgG1kappa cryoglobulin yielding organized microtubular deposits and glomerulonephritis in the course of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Galea HR, et al. Clin Exp Immunol, 2002 Jul. PMID 12100030, Free PMC Article
    3. A monoclonal V kappa l light chain responsible for incomplete proximal tubulopathy. Decourt C, et al. Am J Kidney Dis, 2003 Feb. PMID 12552516
    4. A significant fraction of conserved noncoding DNA in human and mouse consists of predicted matrix attachment regions. Glazko GV, et al. Trends Genet, 2003 Mar. PMID 12615002
    5. Unraveling the consecutive recombination events in the human IGK locus. Langerak AW, et al. J Immunol, 2004 Sep 15. PMID 15356136

    See all (24) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Igh and Igk loci use different folding principles for V gene recombination due to distinct chromosomal architectures of pro-B and pre-B cells.
      Title: Igh and Igk loci use different folding principles for V gene recombination due to distinct chromosomal architectures of pro-B and pre-B cells.
    2. These results suggest that myeloid cells-derived IgK may have a role in leukemogenesis and may serve as a novel tumor marker for monitoring minimal residual disease and developing target therapy.
      Title: IGK with conserved IGΚV/IGΚJ repertoire is expressed in acute myeloid leukemia and promotes leukemic cell migration.
    3. Data suggest that the possible subsets of B cells that might be depleted as a result of an immunotherapy targeting free immunoglobulin kappa light chain (FkappaLC), termed kappa myeloma antigen (KMA).
      Title: Cell membrane associated free kappa light chains are found on a subset of tonsil and in vitro-derived plasmablasts.
    4. data suggest that mechanisms regulating the expression or not of IGK rearrangements may also contribute to repertoire development and also that this latter component of the selection process is defective in SLE.
      Title: Immunoglobulin kappa variable region gene selection during early human B cell development in health and systemic lupus erythematosus.
    5. Newly obtained FabA17 antibody is a fully functional reactibody with reactivity comparable to that of the variant.
      Title: Role of κ→λ light-chain constant-domain switch in the structure and functionality of A17 reactibody.
    6. Study indicates the role of the differential analysis of monomeric and dimeric kappa- and lambda-immunoglobulin (Ig) free light chains (FLC) for the precise diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS).
      Title: Free light chain monomer-dimer patterns in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
    7. Results indicate IGKV3 proteins as "off-the-shelf" vaccines for a large fraction of lymphoma patients.
      Title: IGKV3 proteins as candidate "off-the-shelf" vaccines for kappa-light chain-restricted B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
    8. Data indicate that serum free light chain kappa/lambda ratio (rFLC) showed the highest sensitivity (91.8%) to differentiate multiple myeloma (MM) from non-MM.
      Title: Combined analysis using extended renal reference range of serum free light chain ratio and serum protein electrophoresis improves the diagnostic accuracy of multiple myeloma in renal insufficiency.
    9. Cytogenetic analysis of high-grade lymphoma samples identified a MYC-IGK juxtaposition in seven patients and three translocation t(2;8)-positive cell lines.
      Title: Molecular analysis of the t(2;8)/MYC-IGK translocation in high-grade lymphoma/leukemia by long-distance inverse PCR.
    10. EBV-encoded LMP1 upregulates Igkappa 3'enhancer activity and Igkappa expression in nasopharyngeal cancer cells by activating the Ets-1 through ERKs signaling
      Title: EBV-encoded LMP1 upregulates Igκ 3'enhancer activity and Igκ expression in nasopharyngeal cancer cells by activating the Ets-1 through ERKs signaling.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (21)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Clone Names

    • FLJ26296, MGC22645, MGC27376, MGC40426, MGC71990

    General protein information

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    Names
    immunoglobulin kappa locus

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_000833.2 

      Range
      13431..397098 complement
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      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    2. NG_000834.1 

      Range
      10779..484339
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      88857361..90235368
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

    Genomic

    1. NW_012132915.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

      Range
      1..439675 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      88866370..90790947
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials