PTMA prothymosin alpha [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PTMAprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: prothymosin alphaprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9623
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000187514 MIM:188390; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9623
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: TMSA
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity and histone binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in bone marrow (RPKM 272.9), lymph node (RPKM 218.9) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2q37.1

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	2	NC_000002.12 (231708525..231713551)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	2	NC_060926.1 (232193095..232198121)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	2	NC_000002.11 (232573235..232578261)

Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Single-cell transcriptomics identifies prothymosin alpha restriction of HIV-1 in vivo.
Title: Single-cell transcriptomics identifies prothymosin α restriction of HIV-1 in vivo.
Prothymosin Alpha: A Novel Contributor to Estradiol Receptor Alpha-Mediated CD8(+) T-Cell Pathogenic Responses and Recognition of Type 1 Collagen in Rheumatic Heart Valve Disease.
Title: Prothymosin Alpha: A Novel Contributor to Estradiol Receptor Alpha-Mediated CD8(+) T-Cell Pathogenic Responses and Recognition of Type 1 Collagen in Rheumatic Heart Valve Disease.
lncRNA cytoskeleton regulator reduces nonsmall cell lung cancer radiosensitivity by downregulating miRNA206 and activating prothymosin alpha.
Title: lncRNA cytoskeleton regulator reduces non‑small cell lung cancer radiosensitivity by downregulating miRNA‑206 and activating prothymosin α.
Prothymosin alpha promotes colorectal carcinoma chemoresistance through inducing lipid droplet accumulation.
Title: Prothymosin α promotes colorectal carcinoma chemoresistance through inducing lipid droplet accumulation.
Prothymosin alpha activates type I collagen to develop a fibrotic placenta in gestational diabetes.
Title: Prothymosin α activates type I collagen to develop a fibrotic placenta in gestational diabetes.
Dynamics of the intrinsically disordered protein NUPR1 in isolation and in its fuzzy complexes with DNA and prothymosin alpha.
Title: Dynamics of the intrinsically disordered protein NUPR1 in isolation and in its fuzzy complexes with DNA and prothymosin α.
Measure the binding affinity for the prothymosin-alpha (ProTalpha)-H1.0 complex using isothermal titration calorimetry and report a KD value of (4.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-7) M. In addition, we show that ProTalpha facilitates the formation of the H1.0-nucleosome complex in vitro.
Title: Binding Affinity and Function of the Extremely Disordered Protein Complex Containing Human Linker Histone H1.0 and Its Chaperone ProTα.
Our data support that nuclear PTMA protein serves as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer through upregulating PTEN and orchestrating TRIM21 for the regulation of Nrf2 signaling.
Title: Prothymosin-α enhances phosphatase and tensin homolog expression and binds with tripartite motif-containing protein 21 to regulate Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling in human bladder cancer.
According to the cellular function of the characterized targets of ProTalpha, and the evolution in the composition of the diverse ProTalpha-complexes when proliferation activity was reduced or apoptosis induced, leads to hypothesized that ProTalpha interactions might be related to the proliferation activity and control of the cell survival.
Title: Prothymosin α interacts with SET, ANP32A and ANP32B and other cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins in proliferating cells.
Prothymosin-alpha variants elicit anti-HIV-1 response via TLR4 dependent and independent pathways.
Title: Prothymosin-α Variants Elicit Anti-HIV-1 Response via TLR4 Dependent and Independent Pathways.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (50)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genetic variants associated with disordered eating. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Many sequence variants affecting diversity of adult human height. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Knockdown of prothymosin alpha by siRNA enhances HIV-1 replication in macrophages through the downregulation of type I interferon	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Rev	rev	prothymosin alpha has been identified through the use of a Rev affinity column as specifically binding to the activation domain of Rev (amino acids 75-83)	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

G42925 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:94825

PTMA_1751 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:280938

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables histone binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables histone binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA-templated transcription	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
located_in nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: prothymosin alpha

Names: gene sequence 28; prothymosin alpha protein; prothymosin-I+/-

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001099285.2 → NP_001092755.1 prothymosin alpha isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001092755.1

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AC073476, BC071879, BM839980, M14630

Consensus CDS

CCDS42833.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P06454, Q15249, Q15592

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q86YS2

Related

ENSP00000344547.7, ENST00000341369.11

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam03247
Location:2 → 110

Prothymosin; Prothymosin/parathymosin family
NM_002823.5 → NP_002814.3 prothymosin alpha isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002814.3

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the mid-coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform 2).

Source sequence(s)

AC073476, BC071879, BM839980

Consensus CDS

CCDS46541.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q53S24, Q86YS2

Related

ENSP00000386819.3, ENST00000409115.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam03247
Location:2 → 109

Prothymosin; Prothymosin/parathymosin family