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    MRPS21 mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 54460, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    MRPS21provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:14046
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000266472 MIM:611984; AllianceGenome:HGNC:14046
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    bS21m; MDS016; RPMS21; MRP-S21
    Summary
    Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S21P family. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 9p, 10p, 10q, 16q, and 17q. Available sequence data analyses identified splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR; both transcripts encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in adrenal (RPKM 25.8), brain (RPKM 23.2) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See MRPS21 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    1q21.2
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (150293861..150308979)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (149418810..149433955)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (150266281..150281414)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:150254031-150255230 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371434 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1681 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:150269465-150270023 Neighboring gene circadian associated repressor of transcription Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:150293095-150293660 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1682 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1683 Neighboring gene pre-mRNA processing factor 3 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:150334918-150335860 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1685 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1686 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 1687 Neighboring gene regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain containing 2 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr1:150383836-150384059 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:150444960-150445472

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. A genome-wide association study of behavioral disinhibition. McGue M, et al. Behav Genet, 2013 Sep. PMID 23942779, Free PMC Article
    2. The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders. Kenmochi N, et al. Genomics, 2001 Sep. PMID 11543634
    3. Ribosome. The structure of the human mitochondrial ribosome. Amunts A, et al. Science, 2015 Apr 3. PMID 25838379, Free PMC Article
    4. Proteomic analysis of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of protein components in the 28 S small subunit. Suzuki T, et al. J Biol Chem, 2001 Aug 31. PMID 11402041
    5. The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins present. Cavdar Koc E, et al. J Biol Chem, 2001 Jun 1. PMID 11279123

    See all (59) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    A genome-wide association study of behavioral disinhibition.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables RNA binding HDA PubMed 
    enables structural constituent of ribosome ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables structural constituent of ribosome NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in mitochondrial translation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in mitochondrial translation NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in translation NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in mitochondrial inner membrane NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrial inner membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    part_of mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion HTP PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    small ribosomal subunit protein bS21m
    Names
    28S ribosomal protein S21, mitochondrial
    S21mt
    mitochondrial 28S ribosomal protein S21
    mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit protein bS21m
    NP_061870.2
    NP_114107.2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_018997.4 → NP_061870.2  small ribosomal subunit protein bS21m

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC242988
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS950.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A0A075B746, P82921, Q5TB11, Q9BST6
      Related
      ENSP00000461930.1, ENST00000581066.2

    2. NM_031901.6 → NP_114107.2  small ribosomal subunit protein bS21m

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) is the predominant transcript. Variants 1 and 2 both encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC242988
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS950.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A0A075B746, P82921, Q5TB11, Q9BST6
      Related
      ENSP00000480129.1, ENST00000614145.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      TIGR00030
      Location:10 → 66
      S21p; ribosomal protein S21

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      150293861..150308979
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      149418810..149433955
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P82921.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P82921

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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