Gnaz guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha z subunit [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gnazprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha z subunitprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:95780
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000040009 AllianceGenome:MGI:95780
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Gz
Summary: Enables adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity. Involved in negative regulation of insulin secretion. Acts upstream of or within G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway. Located in cell body and dendrite. Is active in plasma membrane and synapse. Is expressed in early conceptus; early tubule; gonad; and nervous system. Orthologous to human GNAZ (G protein subunit alpha z). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Broad expression in CNS E18 (RPKM 15.8), cortex adult (RPKM 13.8) and 20 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 10 B5.3; 10 38.48 cM

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	10	NC_000076.7 (74803009..74852739)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	10	NC_000076.6 (74967177..75016907)

Chromosome 10 - NC_000076.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

present study suggest that Gnaz links the circadian clockwork-via dopamine acting on D4 receptors-to G protein-mediated signaling in intact but not diabetic retina
Title: Gnaz couples the circadian and dopaminergic system to G protein-mediated signaling in mouse photoreceptors.
Galphaz plays a key role in beta-cell signaling that becomes dysfunctional in the type 1 diabetes setting, accelerating the death of beta-cells, which promotes further accumulation of immune cells in the pancreatic islets, and inhibiting a restorative proliferative response.
Title: The Inhibitory G Protein α-Subunit, Gαz, Promotes Type 1 Diabetes-Like Pathophysiology in NOD Mice.
Deletion of GalphaZ protein protects against diet-induced glucose intolerance via expansion of beta-cell mass.
Title: Deletion of GαZ protein protects against diet-induced glucose intolerance via expansion of β-cell mass.
a novel role of Galpha(z) in restraining myogenic differentiation through the disruption of Rho signaling
Title: Expression of Gα(z) in C2C12 cells restrains myogenic differentiation.
The Gnaz protein exert a negative control on Src function reducing the activating influence of Receptors, Opioid, mu on this tyrosine kinase in neural cells.
Title: Brain-specific Galphaz interacts with Src tyrosine kinase to regulate Mu-opioid receptor-NMDAR signaling pathway.
Gz proteins are also responsible for the long-term analgesic tolerance produced by single doses of these agonists, as well as for the cross-tolerance between CB1Rs and mu-opioid receptors.
Title: Gz mediates the long-lasting desensitization of brain CB1 receptors and is essential for cross-tolerance with morphine.
Galpha(z) knock-out mice display high levels of anxiety-like behaviour and are less sensitive to the action of 8-OH-DPAT. Balb/c mice show much more clear effects of the Galpha(z) knock-out than C57Bl/6 mice.
Title: Mice deficient in the alpha subunit of G(z) show changes in pre-pulse inhibition, anxiety and responses to 5-HT(1A) receptor stimulation, which are strongly dependent on the genetic background.
The survival of sympathetic and sensory neurons was examined in the G(z alpha) deficient mouse and in the presence of pertussis toxin, sympathetic but not sensory neuronal survival in G(z alpha) deficient mice was significantly attenuated.
Title: G(z alpha) deficient mice: enzyme levels in the autonomic nervous system, neuronal survival and effect of genetic background.
The active form of Galpha(z), but not Galpha(i2), is crucial for maintenance of the structure of the Golgi apparatus
Title: Inactivation of Galpha(z) causes disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.
Gz signaling pathways are involved in transducing the analgesic and lethality effects of morphine following chronic morphine treatment.
Title: Deletion of guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha z subunit in mice induces a gene dose dependent tolerance to morphine.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Targeted (6) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Gnaz (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:496679

AI847979 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:165698

GNAZ (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:266611

Gnaz (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:265418

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables G protein-coupled receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTPase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables GTPase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables adenylate cyclase inhibitor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of insulin secretion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in dendrite	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of heterotrimeric G-protein complex	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
is_active_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in synapse	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
is_active_in synapse	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha

Names: g(x) alpha chain; gz-alpha

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001358848.2 → NP_001345777.1 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC142500

Consensus CDS

CCDS23922.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O70442, O70443, Q61637, Q91WM4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3UYF9, Q542R8

Related

ENSMUSP00000124639.2, ENSMUST00000159991.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00066
Location:34 → 349

G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)
NM_001428502.1 → NP_001415431.1 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC142500

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O70442, O70443, Q61637, Q91WM4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q542R8
NM_010311.5 → NP_034441.1 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_034441.1

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. All three variants encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AC142500

Consensus CDS

CCDS23922.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O70442, O70443, Q61637, Q91WM4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3UYF9, Q542R8

Related

ENSMUSP00000036087.5, ENSMUST00000037813.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00066
Location:34 → 349

G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000076.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

74803009..74852739

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_006513235.5 → XP_006513298.1 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006513298.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O70442, O70443, Q61637, Q91WM4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3UYF9, Q542R8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00066
Location:34 → 349

G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)
XM_006513236.2 → XP_006513299.1 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(z) subunit alpha isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006513299.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O70442, O70443, Q61637, Q91WM4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3UYF9, Q542R8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00066
Location:34 → 349

G-alpha; Alpha subunit of G proteins (guanine nucleotide binding)