ULK1 unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: ULK1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:12558
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000177169 MIM:603168; AllianceGenome:HGNC:12558
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: ATG1; ATG1A; UNC51; hATG1; Unc51.1
Summary: Enables identical protein binding activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; and small GTPase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including protein phosphorylation; regulation of autophagy; and regulation of protein lipidation. Located in bounding membrane of organelle; cytosol; and phagophore assembly site membrane. Part of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex and phagophore assembly site. Is active in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in bone marrow (RPKM 14.9), endometrium (RPKM 11.7) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
NEW: Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Location:: 12q24.33

Exon count:: 28

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	12	NC_000012.12 (131894622..131923150)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	12	NC_060936.1 (131939343..131971098)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	12	NC_000012.11 (132379167..132407695)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

Go to the top of the page Help

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

CircFAM188A Regulates Autophagy via miR-670-3p and ULK1 in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma.
Title: CircFAM188A Regulates Autophagy via miR-670-3p and ULK1 in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma.
MIR937 amplification potentiates ovarian cancer progression by attenuating FBXO16 inhibition on ULK1-mediated autophagy.
Title: MIR937 amplification potentiates ovarian cancer progression by attenuating FBXO16 inhibition on ULK1-mediated autophagy.
The ULK1 effector BAG2 regulates autophagy initiation by modulating AMBRA1 localization.
Title: The ULK1 effector BAG2 regulates autophagy initiation by modulating AMBRA1 localization.
WIPI2b recruitment to phagophores and ATG16L1 binding are regulated by ULK1 phosphorylation.
Title: WIPI2b recruitment to phagophores and ATG16L1 binding are regulated by ULK1 phosphorylation.
SIGMAR1 targets AMPK/ULK1 pathway to inhibit SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.
Title: SIGMAR1 targets AMPK/ULK1 pathway to inhibit SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy.
Inhibition of ULK1/2 and KRAS[G12C] controls tumor growth in preclinical models of lung cancer.
Title: Inhibition of ULK1/2 and KRAS(G12C) controls tumor growth in preclinical models of lung cancer.
IL-33 Accelerates Chronic Atrophic Gastritis through AMPK-ULK1 Axis Mediated Autolysosomal Degradation of GKN1.
Title: IL-33 Accelerates Chronic Atrophic Gastritis through AMPK-ULK1 Axis Mediated Autolysosomal Degradation of GKN1.
Sirt3 Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells From High Glucose-Induced Injury by Promoting Mitophagy Through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Pathway.
Title: Sirt3 Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells From High Glucose-Induced Injury by Promoting Mitophagy Through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Pathway.
RNF135 promotes cell proliferation and autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma by promoting the phosphorylation of ULK1.
Title: RNF135 promotes cell proliferation and autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma by promoting the phosphorylation of ULK1.
SPHK1 potentiates colorectal cancer progression and metastasis via regulating autophagy mediated by TRAF6-induced ULK1 ubiquitination.
Title: SPHK1 potentiates colorectal cancer progression and metastasis via regulating autophagy mediated by TRAF6-induced ULK1 ubiquitination.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (202)

Phenotypes

Go to the top of the page Help

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

Go to the top of the page Help

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef downregulates the mRNA expression of ULK1 in human mesenchymal stem cells	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

ULK1_8802 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:467970

IB2452 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:60293

RH93440 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:84981

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables AMP-activated protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-dependent protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTPase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AS1 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AS121 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AT120 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AXS139 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2BS14 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2BS36 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S10 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S28 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S57 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T11 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T3 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T45 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T6 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H4S1 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein serine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	EXP Inferred from Experiment more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
enables protein-containing complex binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables small GTPase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in autophagosome assembly	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in autophagosome assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in autophagy	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in autophagy	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in autophagy	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in autophagy	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in axon extension	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cellular response to nutrient levels	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to stress	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in chromatin remodeling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in macroautophagy	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in macroautophagy	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in mitophagy	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of collateral sprouting	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein-containing complex assembly	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron projection development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron projection regeneration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of autophagosome assembly	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of autophagy	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of autophagy	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of autophagy	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in protein autophosphorylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein localization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein phosphorylation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of autophagy	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of macroautophagy	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of protein lipidation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
involved_in response to starvation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to starvation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in reticulophagy	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
is_active_in autophagosome	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in autophagosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in autophagosome membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in axon	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in omegasome membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in phagophore assembly site	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in phagophore assembly site	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in phagophore assembly site membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in phagophore assembly site membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in recycling endosome	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help

Preferred Names: serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1

Names: ATG1 autophagy related 1 homolog; autophagy-related protein 1 homolog

NP_003556.2

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_011537100.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_011537101.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054229379.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_054229380.1

EC 2.7.11.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_003565.4 → NP_003556.2 serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC131009

Consensus CDS

CCDS9274.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O75385, Q9UQ28

Related

ENSP00000324560.3, ENST00000321867.6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd14202
Location:13 → 279

STKc_ULK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine kinase, Unc-51-like kinase 1

pfam12063
Location:878 → 1044

DUF3543; Domain of unknown function (DUF3543)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000012.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

131894622..131923150

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_011538798.4 → XP_011537100.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:16 → 278

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14202
Location:13 → 279

STKc_ULK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine kinase, Unc-51-like kinase 1

pfam12063
Location:860 → 1067

DUF3543; Domain of unknown function (DUF3543)
XM_011538799.3 → XP_011537101.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X2

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00220
Location:16 → 278

S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain

cd14202
Location:13 → 279

STKc_ULK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine kinase, Unc-51-like kinase 1

pfam12063
Location:831 → 1038

DUF3543; Domain of unknown function (DUF3543)