AMN amnion associated transmembrane protein [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: AMNprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: amnion associated transmembrane proteinprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:14604
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000166126 MIM:605799; AllianceGenome:HGNC:14604
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: IGS2; PRO1028; amnionless
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a type I transmembrane protein. It is thought to modulate bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor function by serving as an accessory or coreceptor, and thus facilitates or hinders BMP binding. It is known that the mouse AMN gene is expressed in the extraembryonic visceral endoderm layer during gastrulation, but it is found to be mutated in amnionless mouse. The encoded protein has sequence similarity to short gastrulation (Sog) and procollagen IIA proteins in Drosophila. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Biased expression in kidney (RPKM 39.0), small intestine (RPKM 30.0) and 4 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 14q32.32

Exon count:: 13

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	14	NC_000014.9 (102922663..102930842)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	14	NC_060938.1 (97158908..97167087)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	14	NC_000014.8 (103389000..103397179)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Imerslund-Grasbeck Syndrome presenting with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in a child.
Title: Imerslund-Gräsbeck Syndrome presenting with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in a child.
Data indicate the crystal structure of amnionless (AMN) in complex with the amino-terminal region of intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor (cubilin).
Title: Structural assembly of the megadalton-sized receptor for intestinal vitamin B(12) uptake and kidney protein reabsorption.
Study shows that cubilin mutations (novel and some previously reported) and all previously reported amnionless missense mutations resulted in endoplasmic reticulum retention and completely inhibited amnionless-dependent plasma membrane expression of cubilin.
Title: Amnionless-mediated glycosylation is crucial for cell surface targeting of cubilin in renal and intestinal cells.
heterozygous mutations in AMN in a family from the United Kingdom with clinical features of Imerslund-Grasbeck Syndrome
Title: Novel compound heterozygous mutations in AMN cause Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome in two half-sisters: a case report.
Our genetic screening of 154 families of patients with inherited cobalamin malabsorption revealed population-specific mutations, mutational hotspots, and functionally distinct regions in the three causal genes: CUBN, AMN, and GIF.
Title: Inherited cobalamin malabsorption. Mutations in three genes reveal functional and ethnic patterns.
We present evidence that this founder mutation causes over 50% of the Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome (IGS) cases among Arabic, Turkish, and Sephardic Jewish families, and the mutation is as old as human civvlization.
Title: Ancient founder mutation is responsible for Imerslund-Gräsbeck Syndrome among diverse ethnicities.
amnionless is essential for the correct luminal expression of cubilin in humans.
Title: Luminal expression of cubilin is impaired in Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome with compound AMN mutations in intron 3 and exon 7.
Recurrent spontaneous abortions may be caused by mutations in the Amnionless gene.
Title: Variations of the Amnionless gene in recurrent spontaneous abortions.
This review summarizes recent data on the biological function of amnionless and focuses on its implication in embryonic nutrition and central nervous system malformations.
Title: Multiligand endocytosis and congenital defects: roles of cubilin, megalin and amnionless.
cubilin and amnionless are subunits of a novel cubilin/amnionless (cubam) complex
Title: The functional cobalamin (vitamin B12)-intrinsic factor receptor is a novel complex of cubilin and amnionless.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome type 2 MedGen: C4016948 OMIM: 618882 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

AMN_3231 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:462024

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:486872

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cargo receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables signaling receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in Golgi to plasma membrane protein transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cobalamin metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cobalamin transport	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in protein localization	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in receptor-mediated endocytosis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in receptor-mediated endocytosis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in receptor-mediated endocytosis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in renal protein absorption	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in apical plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in apical plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in apical plasma membrane	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
located_in brush border membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in clathrin-coated pit	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in endocytic vesicle	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in endocytic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in endosome membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in microvillus membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
part_of receptor complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: protein amnionless

Names: amnionless homolog; visceral endoderm-specific type 1 transmembrane protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.