Msx2 msh homeobox 2 [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

Gene ID: 25483, updated on 9-Dec-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol: Msx2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: msh homeobox 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:3116
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000018355 AllianceGenome:RGD:3116
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cartilage development; osteoblast development; and transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in cytosol and nuclear speck. Predicted to be part of transcription regulator complex. Biomarker of hypertension. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in craniosynostosis and parietal foramina. Orthologous to human MSX2 (msh homeobox 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Uterus (RPKM 25.6), Heart (RPKM 12.7) and 4 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

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See Msx2 in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: 17p14

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	17	NC_086035.1 (11102284..11107949)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	17	NC_051352.1 (11097214..11102879)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	17	NC_005116.4 (11683862..11689527)

Chromosome 17 - NC_086035.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

MiR-151b inhibits osteoblast differentiation via downregulating Msx2.
Title: MiR-151b inhibits osteoblast differentiation via downregulating Msx2.
activation of RAGE not only inhibits myocardin-dependent SMC gene expression, but also induces osteogenic differentiation of vascular SMC through Notch/Msx2 induction
Title: Activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products induces osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
OA transcription is differentially regulated by Dlx3, Dlx5, and Msx2 during osteoblast differentiation.
Title: Homeodomain transcription factors regulate BMP-2-induced osteoactivin transcription in osteoblasts.
These results suggest that aortic smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats tend to become easily calcified via an Msx2-Osterix signaling pathway.
Title: Calcification of aortic smooth muscle cells isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Dlx5 transactivates ALP expression, directly by binding to its cognate response element and/or indirectly by stimulating Runx2 expression, and Msx2 counteracts the direct transactivation of Dlx5
Title: Bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced alkaline phosphatase expression is stimulated by Dlx5 and repressed by Msx2.
Msx2 and p21(CIP1/WAF1) mediate the proapoptotic effects of bone morphogenetic protein-4 on ventricular zone progenitor cells.
Title: Msx2 and p21(CIP1/WAF1) mediate the proapoptotic effects of bone morphogenetic protein-4 on ventricular zone progenitor cells.
Dlx5 specifically transactivates the Runx2 P1 promoter, and its action on the P1 promoter is antagonized by Msx2
Title: Dlx5 specifically regulates Runx2 type II expression by binding to homeodomain-response elements in the Runx2 distal promoter.
Results describe gene regulation by Dlx3 in relation to that of Msx2 and Dlx5 during osteoblast differentiation.
Title: Dlx3 transcriptional regulation of osteoblast differentiation: temporal recruitment of Msx2, Dlx3, and Dlx5 homeodomain proteins to chromatin of the osteocalcin gene.
Forms a ternary complex with serum response factor (SRF) and myocardin, inhibiting the binding of SRF or SRF/myocardin to the CCAAAAAAGG (CArG)-box motif, resulting in inhibition of their transcription.
Title: Bone morphogenetic protein-induced MSX1 and MSX2 inhibit myocardin-dependent smooth muscle gene transcription.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

General gene information

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Markers

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:516407

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:531526

BI284209 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:244059

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:547458

RH142308 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:231555

Msx2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:498394

RH132753 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:216036

BE103912 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:244990

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables sequence-specific DNA binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in BMP signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of BMP signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within BMP signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in activation of meiosis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within activation of meiosis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in anterior/posterior pattern specification	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within anterior/posterior pattern specification	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within bone morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in bone trabecula formation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within bone trabecula formation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cartilage development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cartilage development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell surface receptor signaling pathway involved in heart development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to estradiol stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to estradiol stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to growth factor stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in chondrocyte development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within chondrocyte development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic digit morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in embryonic forelimb morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic forelimb morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic limb morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in embryonic nail plate morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic nail plate morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in enamel mineralization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within enamel mineralization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in endochondral bone growth	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within endochondral bone growth	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in frontal suture morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within frontal suture morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within mammary gland epithelium development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in mesenchymal cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of CREB transcription factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of fat cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of fat cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of keratinocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within odontogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within ossification	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in osteoblast development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in osteoblast development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within osteoblast development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in osteoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in osteoblast differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within outflow tract morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in outflow tract septum morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within outflow tract septum morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of timing of catagen	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of timing of catagen	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within signal transduction involved in regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in stem cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within stem cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within wound healing	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nuclear speck	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of transcription regulator complex	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of transcription regulator complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: homeobox protein MSX-2

Names: homeobox protein Hox-8-1; hox-8.1; msh homeo box homolog 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.