CGA glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: CGAprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptideprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:1885
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000135346 MIM:118850; AllianceGenome:HGNC:1885
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: HCG; LHA; FSHA; GPA1; GPHa; TSHA; GPHA1; CG-ALPHA
Summary: The four human glycoprotein hormones chorionic gonadotropin (CG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits that are associated noncovalently. The alpha subunits of these hormones are identical, however, their beta chains are unique and confer biological specificity. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit and belongs to the glycoprotein hormones alpha chain family. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]
Expression: Restricted expression toward placenta (RPKM 388.3) See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 6q14.3

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	6	NC_000006.12 (87085498..87095106, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	6	NC_060930.1 (88294252..88303837, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	6	NC_000006.11 (87795216..87804824, complement)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Prevalence and predictors of colonoscopic findings in patients with autoimmune gastritis.
Title: Prevalence and predictors of colonoscopic findings in patients with autoimmune gastritis.
Myocardial perfusion SPECT as a potential mediator on circulating chromogranin A in patients with old myocardial infarction.
Title: Myocardial perfusion SPECT as a potential mediator on circulating chromogranin A in patients with old myocardial infarction.
Analysis of the human chorionic gonadotropin protein at the intact level by HILIC-MS and comparison with RPLC-MS.
Title: Analysis of the human chorionic gonadotropin protein at the intact level by HILIC-MS and comparison with RPLC-MS.
GWAS of thyroid stimulating hormone highlights pleiotropic effects and inverse association with thyroid cancer.
Title: GWAS of thyroid stimulating hormone highlights pleiotropic effects and inverse association with thyroid cancer.
hCG and IL-35 induced the amplification of IL10(+) and IL-35(+) B regulatory cells which played a vital peripheral regulatory role during pregnancy.
Title: Human chorionic gonadotropin and IL-35 contribute to the maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance during pregnancy through mediating the generation of IL-10(+) or IL-35(+) Breg cells.
TSH level was found to be independently correlated with both carotid plaque prevalence and intima-media thickness.
Title: Thyrotropin aggravates atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage inflammation in plaques.
the present results clearly demonstrated that NF-kappaB was activated to regulate VEGF expression by increasing HIF-1alpha transcription in luteal cells treated with HCG.
Title: Activation of NF-κB signaling pathway during HCG-induced VEGF expression in luteal cells.
The measured hCG values are considerably different depending on the pregnancy result, which is why this value is considered a quality predictive factor of the pregnancy result.
Title: HCG level after embryo transfer as a prognostic indicator of pregnancy finished with delivery.
Sex, age, season, and sampling time significantly affected serum TSH concentrations.
Title: Effects of sex, age, sampling time, and season on thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations: A retrospective study.
These results suggested that the melatonin receptors MTNR1A and MTNR1B are essential to repress hCG-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis.
Title: Melatonin receptor depletion suppressed hCG-induced testosterone expression in mouse Leydig cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (117)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH78136 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:31256

D6S1845 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:76695

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables follicle-stimulating hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables follicle-stimulating hormone activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables hormone activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in follicle-stimulating hormone secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in hormone-mediated signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in luteinizing hormone secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of organ growth	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in organ growth	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of signaling receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in thyroid gland development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in thyroid hormone generation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of follicle-stimulating hormone complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of follicle-stimulating hormone complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of follicle-stimulating hormone complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
part_of pituitary gonadotropin complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
part_of pituitary gonadotropin complex	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glycoprotein hormones alpha chain

Names: FSH-alpha; LSH-alpha; TSH-alpha; anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha; choriogonadotropin alpha chain; chorionic gonadotrophin subunit alpha; chorionic gonadotropin, alpha polypeptide; follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain; follicle-stimulating hormone alpha subunit; follitropin alpha chain; luteinizing hormone alpha chain; lutropin alpha chain; thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain; thyrotropin alpha chain

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_000735.4 → NP_000726.1 glycoprotein hormones alpha chain isoform 2 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000726.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AI200485, BC055080, BG619154

Consensus CDS

CCDS5007.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P01215

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q6I9S8, Q96QJ4

Related

ENSP00000486024.1, ENST00000627148.3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00236
Location:28 → 116

Hormone_6; Glycoprotein hormone
NM_001252383.2 → NP_001239312.1 glycoprotein hormones alpha chain isoform 1 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001239312.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AI200485, BC055080, BG571584, BG619154

Consensus CDS

CCDS75492.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A087WYZ4

Related

ENSP00000482232.1, ENST00000610310.3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00236
Location:60 → 140

Hormone_6; Glycoprotein hormone