RELA RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: RELAprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunitprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:9955
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000173039 MIM:164014; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9955
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: p65; CMCU; NFKB3; AIF3BL3
Summary: NF-kappa-B is a ubiquitous transcription factor involved in several biological processes. It is held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state by specific inhibitors. Upon degradation of the inhibitor, NF-kappa-B moves to the nucleus and activates transcription of specific genes. NF-kappa-B is composed of NFKB1 or NFKB2 bound to either REL, RELA, or RELB. The most abundant form of NF-kappa-B is NFKB1 complexed with the product of this gene, RELA. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in bone marrow (RPKM 28.6), spleen (RPKM 25.4) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 11q13.1

Exon count:: 13

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	11	NC_000011.10 (65653601..65663857, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	11	NC_060935.1 (65647771..65658027, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	11	NC_000011.9 (65421072..65431328, complement)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Vangl2 suppresses NF-kappaB signaling and ameliorates sepsis by targeting p65 for NDP52-mediated autophagic degradation.
Title: Vangl2 suppresses NF-κB signaling and ameliorates sepsis by targeting p65 for NDP52-mediated autophagic degradation.
Her2 amplification, Rel-A, and Bach1 can influence APOBEC3A expression in breast cancer cells.
Title: Her2 amplification, Rel-A, and Bach1 can influence APOBEC3A expression in breast cancer cells.
Mitochondrial RelA empowers mtDNA G-quadruplex formation for hypoxia adaptation in cancer cells.
Title: Mitochondrial RelA empowers mtDNA G-quadruplex formation for hypoxia adaptation in cancer cells.
Unconventional p65/p52 NF-kappaB module regulates key tumor microenvironment-related genes in breast tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).
Title: Unconventional p65/p52 NF-κB module regulates key tumor microenvironment-related genes in breast tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).
Role of Inflammation and the NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway in Hirschsprung's Disease.
Title: Role of Inflammation and the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Hirschsprung's Disease.
Multilevel Regulation of NF-kappaB Signaling by NSD2 Suppresses Kras-Driven Pancreatic Tumorigenesis.
Title: Multilevel Regulation of NF-κB Signaling by NSD2 Suppresses Kras-Driven Pancreatic Tumorigenesis.
p65 signaling dynamics drive the developmental progression of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells through cell cycle regulation.
Title: p65 signaling dynamics drive the developmental progression of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells through cell cycle regulation.
Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain BB1 Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha-Induced Increase in Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Permeability via Toll-Like Receptor-2/Toll-Like Receptor-6 Receptor Complex-Dependent Stimulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma and Suppression of NF-kappaB p65.
Title: Bifidobacterium bifidum Strain BB1 Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Increase in Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Permeability via Toll-Like Receptor-2/Toll-Like Receptor-6 Receptor Complex-Dependent Stimulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and Suppression of NF-κB p65.
MiR-1976/NCAPH/P65 axis inhibits the malignant phenotypes of lung adenocarcinoma.
Title: MiR-1976/NCAPH/P65 axis inhibits the malignant phenotypes of lung adenocarcinoma.
WSB1/2 target chromatin-bound lysine-methylated RelA for proteasomal degradation and NF-kappaB termination.
Title: WSB1/2 target chromatin-bound lysine-methylated RelA for proteasomal degradation and NF-κB termination.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (1037)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Mucocutaneous ulceration, chronic MedGen: C4748997 OMIM: 618287 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Knockdown of v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa-derived TZM-bl cells	PubMed
Knockdown of v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA) by siRNA inhibits the early stages of HIV-1 replication in 293T cells infected with VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1	PubMed
Knockdown of v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 Env (gp120) binds to CD209 (DC-SIGN), which activates NFKB1 (NF-kB), MAPK1 (ERK1/2), and MAPK14 (p38)	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 CN54 Env (gp120) induces phosphorylation of RELA (p65), IRF3, MAPK14 (p38), and MAPK1 (ERK1/2) through TLR4 induction in monocyte derived macrophages; anti-TLR4 antibodies could inhibit this activation	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-induced release of IL-6 is regulated by p38 MAPK, IkappaBalpha, and p65 NF-kappaB activation in primary human monocyte-derived dendritic cells	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-induced release of IL-10 depends on the activation of Raf-1 along with NF-kappaB p65 in immature dentritic cells	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 co-localizes with the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB in human female genital epithelial cells	PubMed
	env	Inhibition of NRF2 by siRNA results in increased NOX2, NFkappaB (p65/p50), TNF-alpha, and MMP-9 proteins in astrocytes exposed to HIV-1 gp120	PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	Exposure of TZM-bl-2 cells to HIV gp41 increases RELA (NFkappaB subunit p65) nucelar translocation	PubMed
	env	The binding of soluble TLR2 to HIV-1 MA, CA, or gp41 inhibits the nuclear translocation of NFKB p65 subunit and downregulates IL-8 and CCR5 expression, leading to inhibition of HIV-1 infection in cells	PubMed
	env	The HIV-1 gp41 cytoplasmic domain-induced NFkappaB activation requires TAK1, RelA, and NEMO proteins	PubMed
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef induces RELA (NFKB p65) translocation/nuclear localization	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 and SIVcpz Nef proteins enhance TNF-alpha, IKK-beta, and RelA/p65-induced NF-kappaB activation in 293T cells	PubMed
	nef	Knockdown of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB by siRNA shows significant reduction of CCL5 levels, suggesting that NF-kappaB is involved in Nef-mediated upregulation of CCL5	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat increases binding of RELA (p65) to the NF-kappaB consensus site	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat protein activates RELA (p65), MAP kinases ERK1/2 and p38, and PKC-bII in a TLR4-dependent manner in human monocytes	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat relocalizes PRKCQ (PKC-theta) and RELA (NFkB) to the nucleus of Jurkat T cells that stably express Tat	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat activates PRKCQ (PKC-theta) kinase activity, which leads to RELA (NFkB), NRAS, RAF1, MAP2K1 (MEK1), MAP2K2 (MEK2), MAPK3 (ERK1), and MAPK1 (ERK2) activation, in Jurkat T cells that stably express Tat	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat induces phosphorylation of RELA (p65) in CRT-MG human astroglioma cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat increases nuclear localization of RELA (p65) in Huvec and EA.hy926 cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat induces phosphorylation of RELA (p65) in HUVEC and EA.hy926 cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat activates RELA (NF-kappaB) in a TLR4 dependent manner	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat treatment induces phosphorylation of NFKB p65 (RELA) at position Ser-536 in human mesenchymal stem cells	PubMed
	tat	The gene expression of RELA is significantly upregulated in both clade B and clade C Tat treated SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances the NFkappaB activity by inhibiting IkappaB-alpha binding to p65 RelA	PubMed
	tat	Curcumin and celastrol attenuate HIV-1 Tat-induced p65/NFKappaB phosphorylation and IKK phosphorylation	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat-mediated transcriptional activation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter requires NFkappaB binding sites in the promoter and involves the activation of NFkappaB by Tat	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat-mediated upregulation of CCL5 involves JAK2/3, AKT2/3, p38delta, NF-kappaB (p65/p50), C/EBP alpha/gamma, and AP-1 proteins	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat-induced upregulation of miR-222 is a NF-kappaB p65-dependent manner	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat-mediated upregulation of ICAM-1 expression involves MEK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK proteins and downstream IKK2/NF-kappaB(p65) signaling pathways	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat downregulates the expression of p65 NFkappaB in CD4+ T cells, which may contribute to the reduced levels of nuclear hTERT in Tat exposed cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates miR-34a in TZM-bl cells, which results in downregulation of SIRT1 protein expression and activity and induction of NFkappaB p65 acetylation by MiR-34a	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances the NFkappaB activity and promotes the transcriptional activation of MIP-1alpha by interacting with IkappaB-alpha and p65 RelA	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat induces the acetylation of the NFkappaB p50 subunit as well as the p50/p65 complex by p300, causing an increase in NFkappaB DNA binding activity and in the rate of transcription	PubMed
	tat	Inhibition of HIV-1 Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR promoter by NFkappaB/Rel inhibitors correlates with their inhibitory activities on the RelA subunit of the NFkappaB complex, indicating an interaction of Tat with RelA	PubMed
	tat	A compound in curry known as Curcumin inhibits HIV-1 Tat-mediated long terminal repeat transactivation by reversing Tat-induced dissociation of HDAC1 from LTR and by reducing the binding of p65/NFKappaB to LTR promoted by Tat	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat increases the p65 RelA affinity binding to DNA through association with p65 RelA	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat and morphine treatment significantly increase the levels of phosphorylated p65 NF-kappaB in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibits the LPS-induced activation of NFkappaB p65 via its induction of IkappaBalpha expression, which results in retention of NFkappaB p65 in the cytosol	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat has been shown to bind NFkappaB in vitro in gel shift, GST-pull down and affinity matrix assays	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat recruits P/CAF to the integrated HIV-1 LTR promoter causing the acetylation of histones, which in turn leads to the recruitment the p65 subunit of NFkappaB to the promoter	PubMed
	tat	NFAT-1 negatively regulates HIV-1 Tat-mediated transactivation of the HIV-1 LTR by competing with NFkappaB for its binding to the LTR, thereby blocking the interaction of NFkappaB with Tat	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat enhances tumor necrosis factor-induced activation of NFkappaB by downregulating manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)	PubMed
	tat	NFkappaB tethers the p160 nuclear receptor co-activator GRIP1 to the HIV-1 LTR promoter, thereby regulating the full activation of this promoter by HIV-1 Tat	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat activates NFkappaB through the cellular interferon-inducible, double-stranded RNA dependent protein kinase, PKR	PubMed
	tat	p56-lck plays a critical role in the activation of NFkappaB by HIV-1 Tat	PubMed
	tat	Activation of NFkappaB by HIV-1 Tat leads to a reduction in adenylyl cyclase activity and an inhibition of cAMP synthesis	PubMed
	tat	Activation of NFkappaB by HIV-1 Tat is inhibited by Nitric Oxide	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat activates NFkappaB, causing the induction of CD95 ligand, CD69, iNOS, MCP-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, and MMP-9, as well as monocyte adhesion, cellular activation and angiogenesis	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates c-rel and RelA transcription factor binding to the CD28-responsive element in the IL-8 promoter, leading to super-induction of IL-8	PubMed
Vpr	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr activates RELA (NFkappaB) signaling following internalization into PEL cells	PubMed
	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr-induced upregulation of CCL5 requires p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB, p38delta MAPK, Akt-2 and Akt-3, and AP-1 transcription factor in HIV-1 Vpr transfected astrocytes	PubMed
	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr induces phosphorylation of Rel A (p65) and relocates Rel A from the cytoplasm into the nucleus	PubMed
	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr inhibits the phosphorylation of NFkappaB p65 subunit in response to TNF-alpha treatment	PubMed
	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr decreases in nuclear translocation of NF-KappaB/p65 protein and p65 DNA-binding activity in multidrug-resistant human colorectal cancer cells in a time-dependent manner	PubMed
	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr induces HIF-1alpha expression, which involves the presence of Sp1 and the p65 subunit of NFkappaB transcription factors	PubMed
	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr inhibits the nuclear translocation of Rel A in infected T cells	PubMed
	vpr	Data suggests that HIV-1 Vpr acts in concert with Rel A and p300 to activate HIV transcription, possibly by Vpr effects on Cdc2 kinase activity	PubMed
Vpu	vpu	HIV-1 Vpu inhibits nuclear translocation of RelA/p65 and the SS/AA mutations in the DSGxxS motif of Vpu largely abolish this activity in HeLa cells	PubMed
	vpu	HIV-1 Vpu and TASK-1 decreases HIV-1 transcription by suppressing unintegrated HIV-1 DNA, which is inhibited by overexpression of RelA	PubMed
capsid	gag	The binding of soluble TLR2 to HIV-1 MA, CA, or gp41 inhibits the nuclear translocation of NFKB p65 subunit and downregulates IL-8 and CCR5 expression, leading to inhibition of HIV-1 infection in cells	PubMed
matrix	gag	Exposure of TZM-bl-2 cells to HIV MA (p17) increases RELA (NFkappaB subunit p65) nuclear translocation	PubMed
	gag	The binding of soluble TLR2 to HIV-1 MA, CA, or gp41 inhibits the nuclear translocation of NFKB p65 subunit and downregulates IL-8 and CCR5 expression, leading to inhibition of HIV-1 infection in cells	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

NFKB3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:52404

SHGC-83845 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:101821

UniSTS:144339 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:144339

Rela (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:144339

RH44538 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:46846

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	ISA Inferred from Sequence Alignment more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables NF-kappaB binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables actinin binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables ankyrin repeat binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables chromatin DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chromatin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables general transcription initiation factor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables histone deacetylase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables peptide binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables phosphate ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein homodimerization activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein kinase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein-containing complex binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in acetaldehyde metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in animal organ morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in antiviral innate immune response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular defense response	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to angiotensin	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-1	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-6	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to lipoteichoic acid	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to nicotine	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to peptidoglycan	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in chromatin organization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to tumor cell	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to virus	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in hair follicle development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in inflammatory response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in inflammatory response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in innate immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in liver development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of miRNA transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein sumoylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of Schwann cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in postsynapse to nucleus signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in prolactin signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in protein catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to UV-B	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to amino acid	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to cAMP	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to cobalamin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to cytokine	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in response to insulin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to interleukin-1	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ischemia	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to muramyl dipeptide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to muscle stretch	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to progesterone	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in toll-like receptor TLR6:TLR2 signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of NF-kappaB complex	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
part_of NF-kappaB complex	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
part_of NF-kappaB complex	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
part_of NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
part_of NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of NF-kappaB p50/p65 complex	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
is_active_in chromatin	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
is_active_in chromatin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in chromatin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in chromatin	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
located_in chromatin	ISA Inferred from Sequence Alignment more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in glutamatergic synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in glutamatergic synapse	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
NOT located_in nucleolus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleoplasm	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
part_of transcription regulator complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of transcription regulator complex	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: transcription factor p65

Names: NF-kappa-B p65delta3; NF-kappa-B transcription factor p65; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3; v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_029971.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5057..14372

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001145138.2 → NP_001138610.1 transcription factor p65 isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001138610.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame acceptor splice site at one of the coding exons compared to transcript variant 1. This results in a shorter isoform (2) missing a 3 aa segment compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

BC033522, BU633061, DA020095

Consensus CDS

CCDS44651.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q04206

Related

ENSP00000311508.9, ENST00000308639.13

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd07885
Location:19 → 184

RHD-n_RelA; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of RelA

cd01177
Location:191 → 287

IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...
NM_001243984.2 → NP_001230913.1 transcription factor p65 isoform 3

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate in-frame splice site at the 5' end of the last exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) lacks an alternate internal segment compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

BC033522, BM916512, BU633061, DA020095

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q04206

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd07885
Location:19 → 187

RHD-n_RelA; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of RelA

cd01177
Location:194 → 290

IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...
NM_001243985.2 → NP_001230914.1 transcription factor p65 isoform 4

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate internal in-frame segment in the last exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (4) lacks an alternate internal segment compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AP001362, BC069248, BU633061, DA020095

Consensus CDS

CCDS73322.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A087X0W8, E9PKH5

Related

ENSP00000483705.1, ENST00000612991.4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd07885
Location:19 → 187

RHD-n_RelA; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of RelA

cd01177
Location:194 → 290

IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...
NM_001404657.1 → NP_001391586.1 transcription factor p65 isoform 5

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AP001362

Related

ENST00000531484.5
NM_001404658.1 → NP_001391587.1 transcription factor p65 isoform 6

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AP001362
NM_001404659.1 → NP_001391588.1 transcription factor p65 isoform 7

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AP001362
NM_001404660.1 → NP_001391589.1 transcription factor p65 isoform 8

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AP001362
NM_001404661.1 → NP_001391590.1 transcription factor p65 isoform 9

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AP001362
NM_001404662.1 → NP_001391591.1 transcription factor p65 isoform p65 iso 5

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AP001362, MN508965
NM_001404663.1 → NP_001391592.1 transcription factor p65 isoform p65 iso 5

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AP001362
NM_021975.4 → NP_068810.3 transcription factor p65 isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_068810.3

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the predominant transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

BC033522, BU633061, DA020095, M62399

Consensus CDS

CCDS31609.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q04206, Q6GTV1, Q6SLK1

Related

ENSP00000384273.3, ENST00000406246.8

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd07885
Location:19 → 187

RHD-n_RelA; N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of RelA

cd01177
Location:194 → 290

IPT_NFkappaB; IPT domain of the transcription factor NFkappaB and related transcription factors. NFkappaB is considered a central regulator of stress responses, activated by different stressful conditions, including physical stress, oxidative stress, and exposure to ...