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    LIMK1 LIM domain kinase 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3984, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    LIMK1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    LIM domain kinase 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:6613
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000106683 MIM:601329; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6613
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    LIMK; LIMK-1
    Summary
    There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. LIMK1 is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates actin polymerization via phosphorylation and inactivation of the actin binding factor cofilin. This protein is ubiquitously expressed during development and plays a role in many cellular processes associated with cytoskeletal structure. This protein also stimulates axon growth and may play a role in brain development. LIMK1 hemizygosity is implicated in the impaired visuospatial constructive cognition of Williams syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in brain (RPKM 15.7), spleen (RPKM 11.2) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See LIMK1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    7q11.23
    Exon count:
    17
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 7 NC_000007.14 (74083804..74122525)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 7 NC_060931.1 (75286937..75325667)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 7 NC_000007.13 (73498134..73536855)

    Chromosome 7 - NC_000007.14Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73284301-73285230 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73285703-73286258 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 270 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73313687-73314360 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 8209 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9451 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73414582-73415082 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73417073-73418272 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26134 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73440914-73441886 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73442859-73443830 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73447495-73448122 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73448123-73448750 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73465984-73466807 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73475944-73476444 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73476445-73476945 Neighboring gene elastin Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73496834-73497512 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73497513-73498191 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 18271 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 18272 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26136 Neighboring gene ELN antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73499459-73500058 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73500059-73500656 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73504464-73504964 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73504965-73505465 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73507121-73507662 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26138 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73508745-73509285 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26139 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73519804-73520304 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73529551-73530186 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73530187-73530821 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73547393-73548180 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73553155-73553684 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr7:73576750-73576945 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73588725-73589238 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73589239-73589751 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73594279-73594779 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73593778-73594278 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73610469-73610970 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26140 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26141 Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4H Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 18274 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26142 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 18275 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26143 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26144 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73630833-73631789 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:73634419-73635267 Neighboring gene microRNA 590 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26145 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 26146 Neighboring gene linker for activation of T cells family member 2

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    Copy number response

    Description
    Copy number response
    Haploinsufficency

    No evidence available (Last evaluated 2012-08-22)

    ClinGen Genome Curation Page
    Triplosensitivity

    No evidence available (Last evaluated 2012-08-22)

    ClinGen Genome Curation Page

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env CCR5 expression inhibits HIV-1 gp120-induced LIMK1 activation and cofilin phosphorylation in CD4/CXCR4 expressing 293T cells PubMed
    env The N-terminal leucine-rich repeat fragment of Slit2 inhibits HIV-1 gp120-induced phosphorylation of both LIMK1 and cofilin PubMed
    env HIV-1 infection and gp120 activates LIMK1/2 by increased levels of LIMK1/2 phosphorylation. Gp120-mediated LIMK activation is dependent on the Rack-PAK-LIMK pathway through phosphorylation of PAK2 and Rac1 PubMed
    env Filamin-A-dependent activation of the RhoA-ROCK-LIMK-cofilin pathway is a major event in HIV-1 gp120-induced receptor clustering PubMed
    Nef nef HIV-1 Nef-induced LIMK1 activation and CFL1 phosphorylation are required for Nef-mediated inhibition of retinoid receptor function PubMed
    Tat tat Both HIV-1 Tat 47-59 and FITC-labeled Tat 47-59 peptides upregulate gene expression of LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1) in U-937 macrophages PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables AMP-activated protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables DNA-dependent protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables heat shock protein binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables histone H2AS1 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2AS121 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2AT120 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2AXS139 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2BS14 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2BS36 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3S10 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3S28 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3S57 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T11 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T3 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T45 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T6 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H4S1 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein kinase activity NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    enables ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cytoskeleton IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in focal adhesion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    is_active_in glutamatergic synapse IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    is_active_in glutamatergic synapse IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in lamellipodium ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    located_in male germ cell nucleus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    is_active_in neuron projection IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in neuron projection ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    located_in nuclear speck IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    is_active_in postsynapse IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    is_active_in postsynapse IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    LIM domain kinase 1
    Names
    LIM motif-containing protein kinase
    NP_001191355.1
    NP_002305.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_008129.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4979..43700
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001204426.2NP_001191355.1  LIM domain kinase 1 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001191355.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks multiple exons at the 5' end and uses a different start codon, compared to variant 1. This variant encodes an isoform (2) with a shorter and distinct N-terminus that lacks one of two LIM zinc-binding domains, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK300382, AW016257, D26309
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS56491.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K297
      Related
      ENSP00000444452.1, ENST00000538333.3
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd09464
      Location:50104
      LIM2_LIMK1; The second LIM domain of LIMK1 (LIM domain Kinase 1)
      cd14221
      Location:311577
      STKc_LIMK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, LIM domain kinase 1
      pfam00595
      Location:131221
      PDZ; PDZ domain (Also known as DHR or GLGF)
      cl02475
      Location:1743
      LIM; LIM is a small protein-protein interaction domain, containing two zinc fingers
    2. NM_002314.4NP_002305.1  LIM domain kinase 1 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002305.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005056, AW016257, D26309
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS5563.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B7Z6I8, D3DXF4, D3DXF5, O15283, P53667, Q15820, Q15821, Q75MU3, Q9Y5Q1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K297
      Related
      ENSP00000336740.2, ENST00000336180.7
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd09462
      Location:577
      LIM1_LIMK1; The first LIM domain of LIMK1 (LIM domain Kinase 1)
      cd14221
      Location:345611
      STKc_LIMK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, LIM domain kinase 1
      pfam00595
      Location:165255
      PDZ; PDZ domain (Also known as DHR or GLGF)
      cl02475
      Location:84138
      LIM; LIM is a small protein-protein interaction domain, containing two zinc fingers

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000007.14 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      74083804..74122525
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060931.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      75286937..75325667
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_016735.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_016735.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.