Gapdh glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gapdhprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2661
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000018630 AllianceGenome:RGD:2661
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Gapd; BARS-38
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. A similar protein in human and mouse has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The encoded protein was originally identified as a key glycolytic enzyme that converts D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Subsequent studies in human and mouse have assigned a variety of additional functions to the protein including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are found throughout the rat genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Expression: Biased expression in Muscle (RPKM 152.0), Heart (RPKM 48.5) and 6 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q42

Exon count:: 10

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	4	NC_086022.1 (159648592..159653436, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	4	NC_051339.1 (157962312..157967158, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	4	NC_005103.4 (157676336..157680322, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_086022.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Role of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in autophagy activation following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Title: Role of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in autophagy activation following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
The combination of hprt and gapdh is the best compound reference genes in the fetal rat hippocampus.
Title: The combination of hprt and gapdh is the best compound reference genes in the fetal rat hippocampus.
Disruption of the Complex between GAPDH and Hsp70 Sensitizes C6 Glioblastoma Cells to Hypoxic Stress.
Title: Disruption of the Complex between GAPDH and Hsp70 Sensitizes C6 Glioblastoma Cells to Hypoxic Stress.
Data (including data from studies in knockout mice) suggest that S100b acting as a humoral factor impairs glycolysis in muscle (myoblasts, myotubes, and skeletal muscles) independent of insulin action; this effect appears to be due to inhibition of Gapdh activity from enhanced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Gapdh. (S100B = S100 protein, beta polypeptide, neural; Gapdh = glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase)
Title: S100B impairs glycolysis via enhanced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in rodent muscle cells.
Study reveals GAPDH/Siah1 as a novel signaling pathway in apoptosis and function recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury. This signaling pathway in the spinal cord can be blocked by sivelestat sodium.
Title: GAPDH/Siah1 cascade is involved in traumatic spinal cord injury and could be attenuated by sivelestat sodium.
In conclusion, the data show that two GAPDH binders could be therapeutically relevant in the treatment of injuries stemming from hard oxidative stress.
Title: Small molecules preventing GAPDH aggregation are therapeutically applicable in cell and rat models of oxidative stress.
psiGAPDH peptide is an inhibitor of the elimination of damaged mitochondria.
Title: Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor Reveals a Non-catalytic Role for GAPDH Oligomerization in Cell Death.
The N terminus of nuclear GAPDH binds with PARP-1, and this complex promotes PARP-1 overactivation both in vitro and in vivo.
Title: Nuclear-translocated Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase Promotes Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Activation during Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Stroke.
The nuclear GAPDH forms a protein complex with p53 and enhances p53 expression and phosphorylation.
Title: Disruption of the nuclear p53-GAPDH complex protects against ischemia-induced neuronal damage.
In human and mouse, Gapdh is a moonlighting protein that functions as a glycolytic enzyme and a nuclear protein nitrosylase.
Title: GAPDH mediates nitrosylation of nuclear proteins.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (36)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

PMC102181P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270085

PMC156256P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271388

PMC104479P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270113

GAPD (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:266277

Gapdh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:506924

PMC108010P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270129

PMC122568P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270398

PMC133764P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270654

PMC122612P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270402

Gapdh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:496721

PMC186377P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271702

Gapd (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:254295

PMC109593P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270172

RH140227 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:222306

G65758 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:225899

PMC303337P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272495

PMC164515P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271488

PMC193571P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271750

GDB:376732 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:157065

PMC141140P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270988

PMC153210P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271253

PMC316856P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273053

PMC112647P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270238

PMC112724P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270242

PMC112827P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270244

PMC21468P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272060

PMC135988P15 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270787

PMC266773P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272348

PMC115884P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270303

PMC128021P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270562

PMC26839P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272355

PMC128235P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270574

PMC327192P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273135

PMC101742P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270065

PMC15575P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271350

PMC329392P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273149

PMC150799P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271103

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables NAD binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables NADP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables disordered domain specific binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables enzyme binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables microtubule binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cAMP/PKA signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in canonical glycolysis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to type II interferon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in female pregnancy	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in gluconeogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in gluconeogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in gluconeogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glycolytic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glycolytic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glycolytic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of endopeptidase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of translation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuron apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in peptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of type I interferon production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of type I interferon production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in protein stabilization	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of translation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to ethanol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of GAIT complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of GAIT complex	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoskeleton	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in glutamatergic synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in lipid droplet	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in microtubule cytoskeleton	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nuclear membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in postsynaptic density, intracellular component	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of ribonucleoprotein complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Names: 38 kDa BFA-dependent ADP-ribosylation substrate; peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH

NP_058704.1

EC 1.2.1.12

XP_038962936.1

EC 1.2.1.12

XP_063141587.1

EC 1.2.1.12

XP_063141588.1

EC 1.2.1.12

XP_063141589.1

EC 1.2.1.12

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_017008.4 → NP_058704.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_058704.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

BC059110

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P04797, P09328, Q5M916, Q9QWU4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8L2QM97, A6ILS6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

PLN02272
Location:2 → 330

PLN02272; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086022.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

159648592..159653436 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_039107008.2 → XP_038962936.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P04797, P09328, Q5M916, Q9QWU4

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8L2QM97, A6ILS6

Related

ENSRNOP00000040878.5, ENSRNOT00000050443.6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

PLN02272
Location:2 → 330

PLN02272; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
XM_063285517.1 → XP_063141587.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform X2

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8L2QM97
XM_063285519.1 → XP_063141589.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform X3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E9PTV9
XM_063285518.1 → XP_063141588.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform X3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

E9PTV9