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    BOLA3 bolA family member 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 388962, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    BOLA3provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    bolA family member 3provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:24415
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000163170 MIM:613183; AllianceGenome:HGNC:24415
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    MMDS2
    Summary
    This gene encodes a protein that plays an essential role in the production of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters for the normal maturation of lipoate-containing 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases, and for the assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Mutation in this gene has been associated with multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome-2. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms with distinct subcellular localization have been reported for this gene (PMID:21944046). [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in colon (RPKM 17.0), heart (RPKM 15.5) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See BOLA3 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    2p13.1
    Exon count:
    4
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (74135400..74147912, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (74143855..74156368, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (74362527..74375039, complement)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene DGUOK antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16037 Neighboring gene RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 97 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74210413-74211336 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr2:74211958-74212156 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11648 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16038 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16039 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16040 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16041 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11649 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11650 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74230812-74231328 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74231329-74231844 Neighboring gene tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74235869-74236827 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11651 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74248449-74248948 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74252809-74253686 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74253687-74254564 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74257891-74258392 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74258393-74258892 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16043 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16044 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr2:74259869-74260014 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74278831-74279332 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74279333-74279832 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74312841-74313340 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74326577-74327076 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16045 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74350700-74351402 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74357269-74357882 Neighboring gene formin binding protein 1 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74374793-74375452 Neighboring gene BOLA3 divergent transcript Neighboring gene MOB kinase activator 1A Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr2:74403666-74403858 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:74405031-74405714

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Understanding the Molecular Basis of the Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome 2: The Disease-Causing His96Arg Mutation of BOLA3. Bargagna B, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Jul 21. PMID 37511493, Free PMC Article
    2. BOLA3 is a prognostic-related biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma. Wang XF, et al. Int Immunopharmacol, 2022 Jun. PMID 35286914
    3. Homozygous missense mutation in BOLA3 causes multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome in two siblings. Haack TB, et al. J Inherit Metab Dis, 2013 Jan. PMID 22562699
    4. Reconstitution, characterization, and [2Fe-2S] cluster exchange reactivity of a holo human BOLA3 homodimer. Wachnowsky C, et al. J Biol Inorg Chem, 2019 Oct. PMID 31486956, Free PMC Article
    5. Molecular Basis of Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome 2 Caused by CYS59TYR BOLA3 Mutation. Saudino G, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2021 May 3. PMID 34063696, Free PMC Article

    See all (32) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. BOLA3 and NFU1 link mitoribosome iron-sulfur cluster assembly to multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome.
      Title: BOLA3 and NFU1 link mitoribosome iron-sulfur cluster assembly to multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome.
    2. Understanding the Molecular Basis of the Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome 2: The Disease-Causing His96Arg Mutation of BOLA3.
      Title: Understanding the Molecular Basis of the Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome 2: The Disease-Causing His96Arg Mutation of BOLA3.
    3. BOLA3 is a prognostic-related biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma.
      Title: BOLA3 is a prognostic-related biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma.
    4. Molecular Basis of Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome 2 Caused by CYS59TYR BOLA3 Mutation.
      Title: Molecular Basis of Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome 2 Caused by CYS59TYR BOLA3 Mutation.
    5. A pathway for assembling [4Fe-4S](2+) clusters in mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein biogenesis.
      Title: A pathway for assembling [4Fe-4S](2+) clusters in mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein biogenesis.
    6. BOLA3 can form a functional homodimer capable of engaging in Fe-S cluster transfer
      Title: Reconstitution, characterization, and [2Fe-2S] cluster exchange reactivity of a holo human BOLA3 homodimer.
    7. this study shows that BOLA3 deficiency controls endothelial metabolism and glycine homeostasis in pulmonary hypertension
      Title: BOLA (BolA Family Member 3) Deficiency Controls Endothelial Metabolism and Glycine Homeostasis in Pulmonary Hypertension.
    8. Clinical features of BOLA3-associated variant nonketotic hyperglycemia include severe neurodegeneration after a period of normal development.
      Title: Variant non ketotic hyperglycinemia is caused by mutations in LIAS, BOLA3 and the novel gene GLRX5.
    9. BOLA3 plays a crucial role in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters.
      Title: Homozygous missense mutation in BOLA3 causes multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome in two siblings.
    10. Mutations in iron-sulfur cluster scaffold genes NFU1 and BOLA3 cause a fatal deficiency of multiple respiratory chain and 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase enzymes [case report]
      Title: Mutations in iron-sulfur cluster scaffold genes NFU1 and BOLA3 cause a fatal deficiency of multiple respiratory chain and 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase enzymes.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome 2
    MedGen: C3280378 OMIM: 614299 GeneReviews: Not available
    		Compare labs

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cell redox homeostasis NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in intracellular iron ion homeostasis NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in iron-sulfur cluster assembly NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein maturation by [4Fe-4S] cluster transfer IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    part_of iron-sulfur cluster assembly complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in mitochondrial matrix IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion HTP PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nuclear body IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    bolA-like protein 3
    Names
    bolA homolog 3

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_031910.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..17513
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001035505.2 → NP_001030582.1  bolA-like protein 3 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001030582.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an internal coding exon compared to variant 1. This results in a frame-shift and a shorter isoform (2) with a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1. This isoform is localized to the cytoplasm (PMID:21944046).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC073263, BC028282, BU600037
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS33224.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q8N338
      Related
      ENSP00000295326.4, ENST00000295326.4

    2. NM_212552.3 → NP_997717.2  bolA-like protein 3 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_997717.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1), which is localized to the mitochondria (PMID:21944046).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC073263, BU600037, DQ225187
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS33225.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      G3XAB0, Q53S33
      Related
      ENSP00000331369.5, ENST00000327428.10
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00386
      Location:35 → 107
      BolA; BolA-like protein

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      74135400..74147912 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      74143855..74156368 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q53S33.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q53S33

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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