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    PLA2G4A phospholipase A2 group IVA [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5321, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    PLA2G4Aprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    phospholipase A2 group IVAprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9035
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000116711 MIM:600522; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9035
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    GURDP; cPLA2; PLA2G4; cPLA2-alpha
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 group IV family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid which is subsequently metabolized into eicosanoids. Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, are lipid-based cellular hormones that regulate hemodynamics, inflammatory responses, and other intracellular pathways. The hydrolysis reaction also produces lysophospholipids that are converted into platelet-activating factor. The enzyme is activated by increased intracellular Ca(2+) levels and phosphorylation, resulting in its translocation from the cytosol and nucleus to perinuclear membrane vesicles. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in urinary bladder (RPKM 6.0), adrenal (RPKM 5.6) and 24 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
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    Genomic context

    See PLA2G4A in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    1q31.1
    Exon count:
    19
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (186828949..186988981)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (186183301..186343553)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (186798081..186958113)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:186646706-186647905 Neighboring gene PTGS2 antisense NFKB1 complex-mediated expression regulator RNA Neighboring gene prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1649 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak520 silencer Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:186954018-186954519 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:187016203-187016870 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2252 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2251 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1036 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371655 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak523 silencer Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak525 silencer Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:187366310-187367033 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak527 silencer Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 13721 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1037

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    BioGRID CRISPR Screen Phenotypes (13 hits/1275 screens)

    Associated conditions

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide association analysis of genetic generalized epilepsies implicates susceptibility loci at 1q43, 2p16.1, 2q22.3 and 17q21.32
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association scan identifies a prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 variant involved in risk of knee osteoarthritis.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 gp120 causes an activation of phospholipase A2, resulting in the increased release of arachidonic acid, which may sensitize the NMDA receptor PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 induces a specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activation in lymphocytes through binding to CD4, but this effect is not sufficient to accomplish virus/cell fusion PubMed
    Tat tat Microarray analysis indicates HIV-1 Tat-induced upregulation of phospholipase A2, group IVA (PLA2G4A) in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    General gene information

    Clone Names

    • MGC126350

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables O-acyltransferase activity PubMed 
    enables calcium ion binding  
    enables calcium ion binding PubMed 
    enables calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity  
    enables calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity PubMed 
    enables calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity PubMed 
    enables calcium-dependent phospholipid binding  
    enables calcium-dependent phospholipid binding PubMed 
    enables calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity PubMed 
    enables ceramide 1-phosphate binding PubMed 
    enables lysophospholipase activity PubMed 
    enables phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding PubMed 
    enables phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate binding PubMed 
    enables phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate binding PubMed 
    enables phospholipase A2 activity PubMed 
    enables phospholipase A2 activity PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in arachidonate metabolic process PubMed 
    involved_in arachidonate metabolic process  
    involved_in arachidonate secretion  
    involved_in cellular response to antibiotic  
    involved_in establishment of localization in cell  
    involved_in glycerol metabolic process  
    involved_in glycerophospholipid catabolic process  
    involved_in icosanoid metabolic process PubMed 
    involved_in leukotriene biosynthetic process PubMed 
    involved_in monoacylglycerol biosynthetic process PubMed 
    involved_in phosphatidylcholine acyl-chain remodeling PubMed 
    involved_in phosphatidylcholine catabolic process PubMed 
    involved_in phosphatidylglycerol catabolic process PubMed 
    involved_in platelet activating factor biosynthetic process PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of T-helper 1 type immune response  
    involved_in positive regulation of macrophage activation  
    involved_in positive regulation of platelet activation PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion  
    involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process PubMed 
    involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process  
    involved_in prostaglandin biosynthetic process PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in Golgi apparatus  
    located_in Golgi membrane PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm PubMed 
    is_active_in cytosol  
    located_in cytosol  
    located_in cytosol PubMed 
    located_in cytosol  
    is_active_in endoplasmic reticulum  
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane  
    located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle  
    located_in mitochondrial inner membrane  
    located_in nuclear envelope PubMed 
    is_active_in nucleus  

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    cytosolic phospholipase A2
    Names
    calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein
    lysophospholipase
    phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase
    phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent)
    NP_001298122.2
    NP_077734.2
    XP_005245324.2
    XP_011507944.1
    XP_047278555.1
    XP_054193055.1
    XP_054193056.1
    XP_054193057.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_012203.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5050..165082
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_596

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001311193.2 → NP_001298122.2  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks two in-frame exons in the central coding region compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2, which is shorter than isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL022147, AL049797
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DZI4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd07200
      Location:114 → 670
      cPLA2_Grp-IVA; Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2; catalytic domain; Ca-dependent
      cd04036
      Location:20 → 129
      C2_cPLA2; C2 domain present in cytosolic PhosphoLipase A2 (cPLA2)
    2. NM_024420.3 → NP_077734.2  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AL049797, BC114340, BX118890, DA451491, M72393
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS1372.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B1AKG4, P47712, Q29R80
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K2S1
      Related
      ENSP00000356436.3, ENST00000367466.4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd07200
      Location:144 → 730
      cPLA2_Grp-IVA; Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2; catalytic domain; Ca-dependent
      cd04036
      Location:20 → 138
      C2_cPLA2; C2 domain present in cytosolic PhosphoLipase A2 (cPLA2)

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      186828949..186988981
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011509642.3 → XP_011507944.1  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011507944.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B1AKG4, P47712, Q29R80
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K2S1
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd07200
      Location:144 → 730
      cPLA2_Grp-IVA; Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2; catalytic domain; Ca-dependent
      cd04036
      Location:20 → 138
      C2_cPLA2; C2 domain present in cytosolic PhosphoLipase A2 (cPLA2)
    2. XM_047422599.1 → XP_047278555.1  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X3

    3. XM_005245267.5 → XP_005245324.2  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K2S1

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      186183301..186343553
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054337081.1 → XP_054193056.1  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K2S1
    2. XM_054337082.1 → XP_054193057.1  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X3

    3. XM_054337080.1 → XP_054193055.1  cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K2S1
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