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    PTGR2 prostaglandin reductase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 145482, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    PTGR2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    prostaglandin reductase 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:20149
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000140043 MIM:608642; AllianceGenome:HGNC:20149
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PGR2; ZADH1; HEL-S-298
    Summary
    This gene encodes an enzyme involved in the metabolism of prostaglandins. The encoded protein catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of 15-keto-prostaglandin E2 to 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin E2. This protein may also be involved in regulating activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in heart (RPKM 10.6), thyroid (RPKM 9.3) and 24 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See PTGR2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    14q24.3
    Exon count:
    13
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (73851831..73885726)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (68059477..68093373)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (74318534..74352429)

    Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene MIDEAS antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA U13 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2274 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:74302771-74302949 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:74305149-74305318 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:74318268-74318670 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8721 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5922 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8722 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 410 Neighboring gene FAM161 centrosomal protein B Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:74416687-74417687 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:74418757-74419055 Neighboring gene ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5 (inactive) Neighboring gene coenzyme Q6, monooxygenase

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Cloning and characterization of a novel splicing variant of the ZADH1 gene. Zhang L, et al. Cytogenet Genome Res, 2003. PMID 15004468
    2. Inhibition of Prostaglandin Reductase 2, a Putative Oncogene Overexpressed in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Cell Death Involving xCT and CTH Gene Expressions through 15-Keto-PGE2. Chang EY, et al. PLoS One, 2016. PMID 26820738, Free PMC Article
    3. Genomic analyses identify gene candidates for acquired irinotecan resistance in melanoma cells. Gao K, et al. Int J Oncol, 2008 Jun. PMID 18497997
    4. Prostaglandin reductase 2 modulates ROS-mediated cell death and tumor transformation of gastric cancer cells and is associated with higher mortality in gastric cancer patients. Chang EY, et al. Am J Pathol, 2012 Oct. PMID 22998775
    5. Structural basis for catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms of human prostaglandin reductase PTGR2. Wu YH, et al. Structure, 2008 Nov 12. PMID 19000823

    See all (24) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Silencing of PTGR2 expression enhances reactive oxygen species production, suppresses pancreatic cell proliferation, and promotes cell death through increasing 15-keto-PGE2.
      Title: Inhibition of Prostaglandin Reductase 2, a Putative Oncogene Overexpressed in Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Cell Death Involving xCT and CTH Gene Expressions through 15-Keto-PGE2.
    2. Functional data and clinical relevance for the role of PTGR2 in gastric cancer, are provided.
      Title: Prostaglandin reductase 2 modulates ROS-mediated cell death and tumor transformation of gastric cancer cells and is associated with higher mortality in gastric cancer patients.
    3. Observational study of gene-disease association. (HuGE Navigator)
      Title: Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression.
    4. Besides targeting cyclooxygenase, indomethacin inhibits PTGR2 with a binding mode similar to that of 15-keto-PGE(2).
      Title: Structural basis for catalytic and inhibitory mechanisms of human prostaglandin reductase PTGR2.
    5. Cloning and tissue distribution of a splicing variant ZADH1b.
      Title: Cloning and characterization of a novel splicing variant of the ZADH1 gene.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Potential readthrough

    Included gene: ZNF410

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • FLJ39091, FLJ99229, DKFZp686P10120

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-oxidase [NAD(P)+] activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-oxidase [NAD(P)+] activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    NOT enables zinc ion binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in prostaglandin metabolic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in prostaglandin metabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    prostaglandin reductase 2
    Names
    15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase
    15-oxoprostaglandin-delta13-reductase
    PRG-2
    epididymis secretory protein Li 298
    epididymis secretory sperm binding protein
    zinc binding alcohol dehydrogenase, domain containing 1
    zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase domain-containing protein 1
    NP_001139626.1
    NP_001139627.1
    NP_001358254.1
    NP_001358255.1
    NP_001358256.1
    NP_001358257.1
    NP_001358258.1
    NP_001358259.1
    NP_001358260.1
    NP_001358261.1
    NP_001358263.1
    NP_001358264.1
    NP_689657.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001146154.2 → NP_001139626.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001139626.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2, 3 and 4 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520, AY346133, BP357520, BU616297
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9820.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q3L8A4, Q6MZH8, Q8N8N7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      V9HW32
      Related
      ENSP00000452280.1, ENST00000555661.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd08293
      Location:1 → 345
      PTGR2; Prostaglandin reductase

    2. NM_001146155.3 → NP_001139627.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001139627.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1, 2 and 3 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520, BC059364, BU616297, DR158023
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9820.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q3L8A4, Q6MZH8, Q8N8N7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      V9HW32
      Related
      ENSP00000450975.1, ENST00000555228.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd08293
      Location:1 → 345
      PTGR2; Prostaglandin reductase

    3. NM_001371325.1 → NP_001358254.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9820.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q3L8A4, Q6MZH8, Q8N8N7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      V9HW32
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd08293
      Location:1 → 345
      PTGR2; Prostaglandin reductase

    4. NM_001371326.1 → NP_001358255.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl16912
      Location:1 → 288
      MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

    5. NM_001371327.1 → NP_001358256.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G3V3Y1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl16912
      Location:1 → 275
      MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

    6. NM_001371328.1 → NP_001358257.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G3V3Y1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl16912
      Location:1 → 275
      MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

    7. NM_001371329.1 → NP_001358258.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G3V3Y1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl16912
      Location:1 → 275
      MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

    8. NM_001371330.1 → NP_001358259.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS91902.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G3V2R9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl16912
      Location:1 → 211
      MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

    9. NM_001371331.1 → NP_001358260.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS91902.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G3V2R9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl16912
      Location:1 → 211
      MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

    10. NM_001371332.1 → NP_001358261.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS91902.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      G3V2R9
      Related
      ENSP00000450824.1, ENST00000553813.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl16912
      Location:1 → 211
      MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

    11. NM_001371334.1 → NP_001358263.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 5

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl16912
      Location:1 → 117
      MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

    12. NM_001371335.1 → NP_001358264.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 6

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl16912
      Location:1 → 52
      MDR; Medium chain reductase/dehydrogenase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family

    13. NM_152444.4 → NP_689657.1  prostaglandin reductase 2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_689657.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1, 2, 3 and 4 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520, BC059364, BU616297
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9820.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q3L8A4, Q6MZH8, Q8N8N7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      V9HW32
      Related
      ENSP00000267568.4, ENST00000267568.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd08293
      Location:1 → 345
      PTGR2; Prostaglandin reductase

    RNA

    1. NR_163921.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC005520

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      73851831..73885726
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      68059477..68093373
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q8N8N7.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8N8N7

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Miscellaneous