Tgm2 transglutaminase 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Tgm2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: transglutaminase 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:621081
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000014424 AllianceGenome:RGD:621081
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: tTG; TGII; TgaseII
Summary: Enables several functions, including GTP binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and phospholipase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine; positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction; and positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation. Acts upstream of or within phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. Located in cytosol and nucleus. Orthologous to human TGM2 (transglutaminase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Kidney (RPKM 1160.4), Lung (RPKM 917.1) and 8 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 3q42

Exon count:: 14

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	3	NC_086021.1 (167192612..167221845, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	3	NC_051338.1 (146772684..146801924, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	3	NC_005102.4 (154597165..154627257, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_086021.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Urinary levels of pro-fibrotic transglutaminase 2 (TG2) may help predict progression of chronic kidney disease.
Title: Urinary levels of pro-fibrotic transglutaminase 2 (TG2) may help predict progression of chronic kidney disease.
Transglutaminases Are Active in Perivascular Adipose Tissue.
Title: Transglutaminases Are Active in Perivascular Adipose Tissue.
Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analyses demonstrated that Tgm2 overexpression had beneficial effects on the rate of Ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) neurogenesis, and that the proliferative capacity of Tgm2 EMSCs was higher than that of controls.
Title: Overexpression of TG2 enhances the differentiation of ectomesenchymal stem cells into neuron‑like cells and promotes functional recovery in adult rats following spinal cord injury.
Cultured Xbp1-deficient vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) demonstrated decreased levels of TG2 protein, in association with increased TG2 polyubiquitination. Moreover, IRE1alpha, and TG2-specific transamidation cross-links were increased in carotid artery neointima in Xbp1fl/fl SM22alpha-CRE+ mice. Cultured TG2-deficient VSMCs had decreased Xbp1 associated with increased IRE1alpha, and increased migration in respons...
Title: A vascular smooth muscle cell X-box binding protein 1 and transglutaminase 2 regulatory circuit limits neointimal hyperplasia.
Knockdown of TG2 resulted in a significant increase in cathepsin S expression, which precede the loss of neuronal viability.
Title: Nuclear transglutaminase 2 directly regulates expression of cathepsin S in rat cortical neurons.
Our data show that under inflammatory conditions in vitro, TG2 production is enhanced in astrocytes and microglia. We observed that in particular, astrocytes produce fibronectin that can be cross-linked and aggregated by exogenous TG2.
Title: Tissue transglutaminase in astrocytes is enhanced by inflammatory mediators and is involved in the formation of fibronectin fibril-like structures.
Transglutaminase 2 plays a crucial role in mediating neuronal survival through its regulation of genes involved in neurite length.
Title: Depletion of transglutaminase 2 in neurons alters expression of extracellular matrix and signal transduction genes and compromises cell viability.
beta2-adrenoceptor-induced modulation of TG2 represents a novel paradigm in beta2-adrenoceptor cell signalling
Title: β(2)-adrenoceptor-induced modulation of transglutaminase 2 transamidase activity in cardiomyoblasts.
An increase in TG2 activity contributes to age-associated increase in diastolic stiffness, thereby facilitating age-associated diastolic dysfunction.
Title: Role of tissue transglutaminase in age-associated ventricular stiffness.
our findings suggest that cystamine induced vasodilatation in rat mesenteric small arteries by inhibition of receptor-coupled TG2, leading to opening of Kv channels and reduction of intracellular calcium as well as activation of a pathway sensitive to inhibitors of the mitochondrial complexes I and III
Title: Involvement of transglutaminase 2 and voltage-gated potassium channels in cystamine vasodilatation in rat mesenteric small arteries.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (52)

General gene information

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Markers

RH129789 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:213081

UniSTS:466074 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:466074

Tgm2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:466074

RH128073 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:211381

Tgm2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:233961

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables GTP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables GTP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTP binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables calcium ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables calcium ion binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables calcium ion binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables enzyme binding	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
enables histone dopaminyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone dopaminyltransferase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables histone dopaminyltransferase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables histone serotonyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone serotonyltransferase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables histone serotonyltransferase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables peptidase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables peptide histaminyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables peptide histaminyltransferase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables peptide histaminyltransferase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables phospholipase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein domain specific binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein-glutamine glutaminase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein-glutamine glutaminase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein-glutamine glutaminase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in apoptotic cell clearance	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in apoptotic cell clearance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in blood vessel remodeling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in bone development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to cocaine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to cocaine	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to dopamine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to dopamine	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to dopamine	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to serotonin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to serotonin	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to serotonin	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in chromatin remodeling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in dopamine secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_positive_effect dopamine secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_positive_effect gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in isopeptide cross-linking via N6-(L-isoglutamyl)-L-lysine	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in peptide cross-linking	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of GTPase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of mitochondrial calcium ion concentration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neurogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of neurogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein deamination	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein deamination	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in protein homooligomerization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein homooligomerization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in proteolysis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of apoptotic cell clearance	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of apoptotic cell clearance	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of apoptotic cell clearance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in salivary gland cavitation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within salivary gland cavitation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in chromatin	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in chromatin	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in chromosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular matrix	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular matrix	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of nucleosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
part_of nucleosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2

Names: TGase 2; TGase II; glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2; isopeptidase TGM2; protein G alpha(h); protein G(h); protein-glutamine deamidase TGM2; protein-glutamine dopaminyltransferase TGM2; protein-glutamine histaminyltransferase TGM2; protein-glutamine noradrenalinyltransferase TGM2; protein-glutamine serotonyltransferase TGM2; tTgase; tissue transglutaminase; tissue-type transglutaminase; transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide; transglutaminase II

NP_062259.3

EC 2.3.2.13

EC 3.5.1.44

XP_038961668.1

EC 2.3.2.13

EC 3.5.1.44

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_019386.3 → NP_062259.3 protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000003

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q6P6R6, Q9WVJ6

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I6GAT6

Related

ENSRNOP00000083472.1, ENSRNOT00000095177.2

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00460
Location:269 → 361

TGc; Transglutaminase/protease-like homologues

pfam00868
Location:5 → 122

Transglut_N; Transglutaminase family

pfam00927
Location:473 → 572

Transglut_C; Transglutaminase family, C-terminal ig like domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

NC_086021.1 Reference GRCr8

Range

167192612..167221845 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_039105740.1 → XP_038961668.1 protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00927
Location:132 → 231

Transglut_C; Transglutaminase family, C-terminal ig like domain