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    FRK fyn related Src family tyrosine kinase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2444, updated on 4-Jan-2025

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    FRKprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    fyn related Src family tyrosine kinaseprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:3955
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000111816 MIM:606573; AllianceGenome:HGNC:3955
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    GTK; RAK; PTK5
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TYR family of protein kinases. This tyrosine kinase is a nuclear protein and may function during G1 and S phase of the cell cycle and suppress growth. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Broad expression in kidney (RPKM 3.0), duodenum (RPKM 2.8) and 23 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See FRK in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    6q22.1
    Exon count:
    12
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 6 NC_000006.12 (115931149..116100725, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 6 NC_060930.1 (117114676..117284719, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 6 NC_000006.11 (116252312..116382054, complement)

    Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2534 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:116049821-116050322 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:116210349-116211066 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901385 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:116235207-116235708 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 24976 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 24977 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 24978 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_88040 Neighboring gene triosephosphate isomerase 1 pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 24979 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr6:116412309-116412554 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:116421676-116422198 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:116422199-116422719 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 24980 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_88050 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_88070 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 2872 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_88113 Neighboring gene 5'-nucleotidase domain containing 1 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak6050 silencer Neighboring gene collagen type X alpha 1 chain Neighboring gene NIP7 pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 24981 Neighboring gene TSPY like 4

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Mutation analysis of the FRK gene in non-small cell lung cancers. Jin G, et al. Lung Cancer, 2011 Jan. PMID 21074287
    2. FRK inhibits migration and invasion of human glioma cells by promoting N-cadherin/β-catenin complex formation. Shi Q, et al. J Mol Neurosci, 2015 Jan. PMID 24969324
    3. Genomic profiling of hepatocellular adenomas reveals recurrent FRK-activating mutations and the mechanisms of malignant transformation. Pilati C, et al. Cancer Cell, 2014 Apr 14. PMID 24735922
    4. Fyn-related kinase expression predicts favorable prognosis in patients with cervical cancer and suppresses malignant progression by regulating migration and invasion. Zhang X, et al. Biomed Pharmacother, 2016 Dec. PMID 27665472
    5. Repression of Fyn-related kinase in breast cancer cells is associated with promoter site-specific CpG methylation. Bagu ET, et al. Oncotarget, 2017 Feb 14. PMID 28077797, Free PMC Article

    See all (60) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Hemifacial microsomia is linked to a rare homozygous variant V162I in FRK and validated in zebrafish.
      Title: Hemifacial microsomia is linked to a rare homozygous variant V162I in FRK and validated in zebrafish.
    2. FRK inhibits glioblastoma progression via phosphorylating YAP and inducing its ubiquitylation and degradation by Siah1.
      Title: FRK inhibits glioblastoma progression via phosphorylating YAP and inducing its ubiquitylation and degradation by Siah1.
    3. GATA6 activated long non-coding RNA PCAT1 maintains stemness of non-small cell lung cancer by mediating FRK.
      Title: GATA6 activated long non-coding RNA PCAT1 maintains stemness of non-small cell lung cancer by mediating FRK.
    4. Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements of ROS1, FRK and IL6 activating JAK/STAT pathway in inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas.
      Title: Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements of ROS1, FRK and IL6 activating JAK/STAT pathway in inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas.
    5. Down-Regulation of miR-2053 Inhibits the Development and Progression of Esophageal Carcinoma by Targeting Fyn-Related Kinase (FRK).
      Title: Down-Regulation of miR-2053 Inhibits the Development and Progression of Esophageal Carcinoma by Targeting Fyn-Related Kinase (FRK).
    6. Furry protein suppresses nuclear localization of yes-associated protein (YAP) by activating NDR kinase and binding to YAP.
      Title: Furry protein suppresses nuclear localization of yes-associated protein (YAP) by activating NDR kinase and binding to YAP.
    7. These results indicate that FRK inhibits human glioma growth via regulating ITGB1/FAK signaling.
      Title: FRK suppresses human glioma growth by inhibiting ITGB1/FAK signaling.
    8. Activated BRK-mediated degradation of SMAD4 is associated with the repression of tumor suppressor gene FRK.
      Title: BRK phosphorylates SMAD4 for proteasomal degradation and inhibits tumor suppressor FRK to control SNAIL, SLUG, and metastatic potential.
    9. TRIM44 promotes cell proliferation by regulating FRK.
      Title: TRIM44 promotes cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting FRK in renal cell carcinoma.
    10. FRK plays an oncogenic role in lung cancer cells via a novel regulation mechanism of enhancing the stemness of H1299 cells by inducing metabolism reprogramming, which finally promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis
      Title: FRK plays an oncogenic role in non-small cell lung cancer by enhancing the stemness phenotype via induction of metabolic reprogramming.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (27)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Common variants near FRK/COL10A1 and VEGFA are associated with advanced age-related macular degeneration.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association analyses identify 18 new loci associated with serum urate concentrations.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables histone H2AXY142 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables histone H3Y41 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein tyrosine kinase activity EXP
    Inferred from Experiment
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein tyrosine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables signaling receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cell differentiation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell surface receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in chromatin remodeling IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in azurophil granule lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in specific granule lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    tyrosine-protein kinase FRK
    Names
    PTK5 protein tyrosine kinase 5
    fyn-related kinase
    nuclear tyrosine protein kinase RAK
    protein-tyrosine kinase 5
    NP_002022.1
    XP_005266937.1
    XP_005266938.1
    XP_011533956.1
    XP_011533957.1
    XP_011533958.1
    XP_016866134.1
    XP_047274510.1
    XP_047274511.1
    XP_054210960.1
    XP_054210961.1
    XP_054210962.1
    XP_054210963.1
    XP_054210964.1
    XP_054210965.1
    XP_054210966.1
    XP_054210967.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_002031.3 → NP_002022.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL021451, AL121963, AL357141
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS5103.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2
      Related
      ENSP00000476145.1, ENST00000606080.2
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd10369
      Location:112 → 207
      SH2_Src_Frk; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Fyn-related kinase (Frk)
      cd11845
      Location:47 → 104
      SH3_Src_like; Src homology 3 domain of Src kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases
      cd05068
      Location:225 → 494
      PTKc_Frk_like; Catalytic domain of Fyn-related kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000006.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      115931149..116100725 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011535656.3 → XP_011533958.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd05068
      Location:112 → 381
      PTKc_Frk_like; Catalytic domain of Fyn-related kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases
      pfam07714
      Location:121 → 374
      Pkinase_Tyr; Protein tyrosine kinase
      cl15255
      Location:3 → 94
      SH2; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain

    2. XM_011535655.3 → XP_011533957.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd10369
      Location:112 → 207
      SH2_Src_Frk; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Fyn-related kinase (Frk)
      cd11845
      Location:47 → 104
      SH3_Src_like; Src homology 3 domain of Src kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases
      cd05068
      Location:225 → 494
      PTKc_Frk_like; Catalytic domain of Fyn-related kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases

    3. XM_011535654.3 → XP_011533956.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd10369
      Location:112 → 207
      SH2_Src_Frk; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Fyn-related kinase (Frk)
      cd11845
      Location:47 → 104
      SH3_Src_like; Src homology 3 domain of Src kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases
      cd05068
      Location:225 → 494
      PTKc_Frk_like; Catalytic domain of Fyn-related kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases

    4. XM_047418554.1 → XP_047274510.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2

    5. XM_047418555.1 → XP_047274511.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2

    6. XM_017010645.2 → XP_016866134.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd10369
      Location:112 → 207
      SH2_Src_Frk; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Fyn-related kinase (Frk)
      cd11845
      Location:47 → 104
      SH3_Src_like; Src homology 3 domain of Src kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases
      cd05068
      Location:225 → 494
      PTKc_Frk_like; Catalytic domain of Fyn-related kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases

    7. XM_005266880.5 → XP_005266937.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd10369
      Location:112 → 207
      SH2_Src_Frk; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Fyn-related kinase (Frk)
      cd11845
      Location:47 → 104
      SH3_Src_like; Src homology 3 domain of Src kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases
      cd05068
      Location:225 → 494
      PTKc_Frk_like; Catalytic domain of Fyn-related kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases

    8. XM_005266881.3 → XP_005266938.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd10369
      Location:112 → 207
      SH2_Src_Frk; Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Fyn-related kinase (Frk)
      cd11845
      Location:47 → 104
      SH3_Src_like; Src homology 3 domain of Src kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases
      cd05068
      Location:225 → 494
      PTKc_Frk_like; Catalytic domain of Fyn-related kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060930.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      117114676..117284719 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054354992.1 → XP_054210967.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X2

    2. XM_054354990.1 → XP_054210965.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2

    3. XM_054354991.1 → XP_054210966.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2

    4. XM_054354986.1 → XP_054210961.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2

    5. XM_054354989.1 → XP_054210964.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2

    6. XM_054354987.1 → XP_054210962.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2

    7. XM_054354985.1 → XP_054210960.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2

    8. XM_054354988.1 → XP_054210963.1  tyrosine-protein kinase FRK isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DY49, P42685, Q13128, Q9NTR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2R8C2
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P42685.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P42685

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