vnd ventral nervous system defective [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: vndprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: ventral nervous system defectiveprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0261930
Locus tag: Dmel_CG6172
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0261930
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: CG6172; Dm vnd; Dm-NK2; Dmel\CG6172; dNK-2; EC6; EG:118B3.1; HDC16822; l(1)1Bf; l(1)EA142; l(1)EC6; l(1)GA100; l(1)GA122; l(1)RC24; l(1)VA208; l(1)VE769; lab; nk-2; NK-2; NK2; Nkx2; Vnd; VND; vnd/NK-2
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific and DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity. Involved in nervous system development and regulation of gene expression. Located in nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including anlage in statu nascendi; embryonic procephalic segment; gut; gut section; and neuroblasts. Orthologous to human NKX2-2 (NK2 homeobox 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1B10-1B10; 1-0 cM

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	X	NC_004354.4 (582121..598151)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	X	NC_004354.3 (476154..492184)

Chromosome X - NC_004354.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

NKX2-5 and MLC2v double-positive cells possess ventricular-like properties. The results demonstrate that the NKX2-5(eGFP/w) and MLC2v(mCherry/w) hPSCs provide a powerful model system to capture region-specific cardiac differentiation from early to late stages. Our study would facilitate subtype-specific cardiac development and functional analysis using the hPSC-derived sources.
Title: Isolation and characterization of ventricular-like cells derived from NKX2-5(eGFP/w) and MLC2v(mCherry/w) double knock-in human pluripotent stem cells.
the Neurogenic Ectoderm Enhancer (NEE) at vnd takes additional input from the complementary Dpp, dorsal, twist gradient via a conserved Schnurri/Mad/Medea silencer element (SSE) unlike NEEs at brk, sog, rho, and vn
Title: A Schnurri/Mad/Medea complex attenuates the dorsal-twist gradient readout at vnd.
The results obtained from this study indicate that expression of at least four genes, uzip, CG7687, SytIV, and ase, are regulated by Vnd.
Title: Computational-aided identification of genes regulated by the Drosophila vnd.
Tthe vnd/NK-2 gene encodes an additional protein isoform (NK-2B) that differs from the known one (NK-2A) in its N-terminal domain.
Title: The alternative protein isoform NK2B, encoded by the vnd/NK-2 proneural gene, directly activates transcription and is expressed following the start of cells differentiation.
excludes Meltrin expression from the embryonic ventral neuroectoderm
Title: The disintegrin and metalloprotease Meltrin from Drosophila forms oligomers via its protein binding domain and is regulated by the homeobox protein VND during embryonic development.
Vnd segment-specifically affects ind expression; it represses ind in the tritocerebrum but positively regulates ind in the deutocerebrum by suppressing Msh
Title: Role of en and novel interactions between msh, ind, and vnd in dorsoventral patterning of the Drosophila brain and ventral nerve cord.
DNA-binding analysis using embryonic nuclear protein also demonstrates that Vnd interacts with other nuclear proteins, suggesting the existence of Vnd as a complex
Title: Kinetic analysis of Drosophila Vnd protein containing homeodomain with its target sequence.
NK2 and Antp with uncharged N-tails show behavior very similar to that of truncated Antp and NK2, indicating that the disordered tails affect the unfolded state by non-native charge-charge interactions.
Title: Disordered tails of homeodomains facilitate DNA recognition by providing a trade-off between folding and specific binding.
Data show that expression of gene vnd is invloved in dorsoventral regionalization within the developing brain and truncal nervous system in Drosophilia.
Title: Dorsoventral patterning of the brain: a comparative approach.
expression is required for both neural and glial specification
Title: Regulated vnd expression is required for both neural and glial specification in Drosophila.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables DNA binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in brain development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell differentiation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glial cell development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuroblast development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuroblast fate determination	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: ventral nervous system defective

Names: CG6172-PA; CG6172-PB; HDC16822; ventral nerve cord defective; ventral nervous system condensation defective; ventral neuroblasts defective; ventral neurons defective; vnd-PA; vnd-PB

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_004354.4 Reference assembly

Range

582121..598151

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001042788.4 → NP_001036253.1 ventral nervous system defective, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001036253.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q0KHX8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00046
Location:402 → 455

Homeobox; Homeobox domain
NM_057438.4 → NP_476786.2 ventral nervous system defective, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_476786.2

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P22808, Q24589, Q26436, Q9UB43, Q9W5F0

Related

FBpp0070105

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00046
Location:548 → 601

Homeobox; Homeobox domain