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    KLK2 kallikrein related peptidase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3817, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    KLK2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    kallikrein related peptidase 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:6363
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000167751 MIM:147960; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6363
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    hK2; hGK-1; KLK2A2
    Summary
    This gene encodes a member of the grandular kallikrein protein family. Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases that are clustered on chromosome 19. Members of this family are involved in a diverse array of biological functions. The protein encoded by this gene is a highly active trypsin-like serine protease that selectively cleaves at arginine residues. This protein is primarily expressed in prostatic tissue and is responsible for cleaving pro-prostate-specific antigen into its enzymatically active form. This gene is highly expressed in prostate tumor cells and may be a prognostic maker for prostate cancer risk. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]
    Expression
    Restricted expression toward prostate (RPKM 1047.4) See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
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    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See KLK2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    19q13.33
    Exon count:
    5
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 19 NC_000019.10 (50873439..50880567)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 19 NC_060943.1 (53963071..53970199)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 19 NC_000019.9 (51376695..51383823)

    Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372441 Neighboring gene kallikrein related peptidase 15 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10981 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15003 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 10982 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr19:51343676-51343863 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:51347149-51347671 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:51347672-51348193 Neighboring gene KLK3 upstream enhancer/promoter region Neighboring gene kallikrein related peptidase 3 Neighboring gene KLK2 upstream enhancer/promoter region Neighboring gene origin of replication 20mer2 Neighboring gene kallikrein pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15004 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15005 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15006 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 15007 Neighboring gene kallikrein related peptidase 4

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    A possible mechanism behind autoimmune disorders discovered by genome-wide linkage and association analysis in celiac disease.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study identifies genetic determinants of urine PCA3 levels in men.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study identifies loci at ATF7IP and KLK2 associated with percentage of circulating free PSA.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Clone Names

    • FLJ17010, FLJ17011, MGC12201

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables serine-type endopeptidase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables serine-type endopeptidase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in proteolysis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in zymogen activation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    is_active_in secretory granule IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    kallikrein-2
    Names
    glandular kallikrein 2
    glandular kallikrein-1
    kallikrein 2, prostatic
    tissue kallikrein-2
    NP_001002231.1
    NP_001243009.1
    NP_005542.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_031984.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5007..12135
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001002231.3NP_001002231.1  kallikrein-2 isoform 2 preproprotein

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2, which has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC037199, AF188745, AF188747, AK300527
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS42597.1
      Related
      ENSP00000350748.3, ENST00000358049.8
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00020
      Location:24209
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease
      cd00190
      Location:25209
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...
    2. NM_001256080.2NP_001243009.1  kallikrein-2 isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains a distinct 5' UTR and lacks an in-frame portion of the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) has a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC037199, AF188745, AK300549
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS58675.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P20151
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DU77
      Related
      ENSP00000375686.2, ENST00000391810.6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00020
      Location:13151
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease
      cd00190
      Location:16154
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...
    3. NM_005551.5NP_005542.1  kallikrein-2 isoform 1 preproprotein

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC037199, AF188746, AK300527
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS12808.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DU93, B4DUB0, F5H8L3, P20151, Q15946, Q9UJZ9
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A024R4J4
      Related
      ENSP00000313581.2, ENST00000325321.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00190
      Location:25256
      Tryp_SPc; Trypsin-like serine protease; Many of these are synthesized as inactive precursor zymogens that are cleaved during limited proteolysis to generate their active forms. Alignment contains also inactive enzymes that have substitutions of the catalytic triad ...

    RNA

    1. NR_045762.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) has multiple differences, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC037199, AF188745
      Related
      ENST00000597439.1
    2. NR_045763.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) uses an alternate splice site, compared to variant 1. This variant (5) is represented as non-coding due to the presence of an upstream ORF that is predicted to interfere with translation of the longest ORF; translation of the upstream ORF renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC037199, AF188745, AK300527

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000019.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      50873439..50880567
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060943.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      53963071..53970199
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_001002232.2: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_001002232.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.