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    GPR68 G protein-coupled receptor 68 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 8111, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    GPR68provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    G protein-coupled receptor 68provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4519
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000119714 MIM:601404; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4519
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    OGR1; AI2A6; GPR12A
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is a G protein-coupled receptor for sphingosylphosphorylcholine. The encoded protein is a proton-sensing receptor, inactive at pH 7.8 but active at pH 6.8. Mutations in this gene are a cause of amelogenesis imperfecta. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2017]
    Expression
    Broad expression in appendix (RPKM 1.7), skin (RPKM 1.5) and 22 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See GPR68 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    14q32.11
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (91232532..91270790, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (85458030..85496278, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (91698876..91720224, complement)

    Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene D-glutamate cyclase Neighboring gene RNA, U7 small nuclear 30 pseudogene Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91579864-91580776 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8892 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91582717-91583218 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91585689-91586888 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15407 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8893 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8894 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 11B Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:91619068-91619346 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 3148 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8896 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8897 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8895 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8898 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8899 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8900 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91710745-91711246 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6019 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91719939-91720470 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91720471-91721002 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr14.1904 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4292 Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr14.1906 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:91749514-91749720 Neighboring gene coiled-coil domain containing 88C Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6022 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6023 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91771631-91772466 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91772467-91773300 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8902 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8903 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8904 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8905 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8906 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91818809-91819780 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91821242-91821752 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91826469-91826970 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91826971-91827470 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8907 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6024 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8908 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8909 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8910 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984673 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91838097-91838709 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8911 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91841845-91842517 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8912 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91843867-91844540 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105370624 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 6025 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91848585-91849375 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91849376-91850165 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91853480-91854308 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91854309-91855135 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8913 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91864835-91865466 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8914 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:91866728-91867357

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in response to acidic pH through OGR1 in a human osteoblastic cell line. Tomura H, et al. J Bone Miner Res, 2008 Jul. PMID 18302504
    2. The pH-sensing receptor OGR1 improves barrier function of epithelial cells and inhibits migration in an acidic environment. de Vallière C, et al. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2015 Sep 15. PMID 26206859
    3. Ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 induces the expression of the pain mediator prostaglandin E2 in response to an acidic extracellular environment in human osteoblast-like cells. Wang J, et al. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 2012 Nov. PMID 22835475
    4. The GPCR OGR1 (GPR68) mediates diverse signalling and contraction of airway smooth muscle in response to small reductions in extracellular pH. Saxena H, et al. Br J Pharmacol, 2012 Jun. PMID 22145625, Free PMC Article
    5. Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors as regulators of cell proliferation and migration during tumor growth and wound healing. Weiß KT, et al. Exp Dermatol, 2017 Feb. PMID 27623507

    See all (51) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Functional expression of the proton sensors ASIC1a, TMEM206, and OGR1 together with BKCa channels is associated with cell volume changes and cell death under strongly acidic conditions in DAOY medulloblastoma cells.
      Title: Functional expression of the proton sensors ASIC1a, TMEM206, and OGR1 together with BK(Ca) channels is associated with cell volume changes and cell death under strongly acidic conditions in DAOY medulloblastoma cells.
    2. A novel mutation in GPR68 causes hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta.
      Title: A novel mutation in GPR68 causes hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta.
    3. pH-sensing G protein-coupled orphan receptor GPR68 is expressed in human cartilage and correlates with degradation of extracellular matrix during OA progression.
      Title: pH-sensing G protein-coupled orphan receptor GPR68 is expressed in human cartilage and correlates with degradation of extracellular matrix during OA progression.
    4. Expression of GPR-68 in Human Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelium. Possible indicator and mediator of attrition associated inflammation at the ocular surface.
      Title: Expression of GPR-68 in Human Corneal and Conjunctival Epithelium. Possible indicator and mediator of attrition associated inflammation at the ocular surface.
    5. GPR-68 in human lacrimal gland. Detection and possible role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease.
      Title: GPR-68 in human lacrimal gland. Detection and possible role in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease.
    6. pH-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Expression and Activation Increases in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis.
      Title: pH-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Expression and Activation Increases in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis.
    7. The evolution and mechanism of GPCR proton sensing.
      Title: The evolution and mechanism of GPCR proton sensing.
    8. GPR68 Is a Neuroprotective Proton Receptor in Brain Ischemia.
      Title: GPR68 Is a Neuroprotective Proton Receptor in Brain Ischemia.
    9. Expression profiles of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors in common skin tumors.
      Title: Expression profiles of proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors in common skin tumors.
    10. CRISPR-addressable yeast strains with applications in human G protein-coupled receptor profiling and synthetic biology.
      Title: CRISPR-addressable yeast strains with applications in human G protein-coupled receptor profiling and synthetic biology.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (36)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Amelogenesis imperfecta, hypomaturation type, IIa6
    MedGen: C4310665 OMIM: 617217 GeneReviews: Not available
    		Compare labs

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC111379, MGC156983

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to pH IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in inflammatory response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in insulin secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in monocyte differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of monocyte differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in osteoclast development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of osteoclast development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1
    Names
    ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor, 1
    sphingosylphosphorylcholine receptor

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_052988.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      31086..43258
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001177676.2 → NP_001171147.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001171147.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 3. Variants 1-3 all encode the same protein. There is an upstream in-frame AUG (uAUG) present; however, translation is thought to begin from the annotated downstream AUG due to inhibition of the uAUG by a small overlapping open reading frame.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL135818, BC098567, BC128536
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9894.2
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q13334, Q15743, Q4VBB4, Q6IX34
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5
      Related
      ENSP00000498702.1, ENST00000650645.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15367
      Location:22 → 297
      7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    2. NM_001348437.1 → NP_001335366.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) represents th longest transcript. Variants 1-3 all encode the same protein. There is an upstream in-frame AUG (uAUG) present; however, translation is thought to begin from the annotated downstream AUG due to inhibition of the uAUG by a small overlapping open reading frame.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL135818
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9894.2
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q13334, Q15743, Q4VBB4, Q6IX34
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15367
      Location:22 → 297
      7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    3. NM_003485.3 → NP_003476.3  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003476.3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 3. Variants 1-3 all encode the same protein. There is an upstream in-frame AUG (uAUG) present; however, translation is thought to begin from the annotated downstream AUG due to inhibition of the uAUG by a small overlapping open reading frame.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC098567, BM723705
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS9894.2
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q13334, Q15743, Q4VBB4, Q6IX34
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5
      Related
      ENSP00000434045.2, ENST00000531499.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15367
      Location:22 → 297
      7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      91232532..91270790 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047431792.1 → XP_047287748.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5

    2. XM_005268112.4 → XP_005268169.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005268169.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15367
      Location:32 → 307
      7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    3. XM_047431790.1 → XP_047287746.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5

    4. XM_005268111.4 → XP_005268168.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005268168.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15367
      Location:32 → 307
      7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    5. XM_047431791.1 → XP_047287747.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5

    6. XM_005268110.5 → XP_005268167.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005268167.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15367
      Location:32 → 307
      7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    7. XM_011537197.4 → XP_011535499.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011535499.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15367
      Location:32 → 307
      7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    8. XM_011537198.3 → XP_011535500.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011535500.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15367
      Location:32 → 307
      7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    9. XM_011537199.3 → XP_011535501.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011535501.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15367
      Location:32 → 307
      7tmA_GPR68_OGR1; G protein-coupled receptor 68, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      85458030..85496278 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054376772.1 → XP_054232747.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5

    2. XM_054376767.1 → XP_054232742.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5

    3. XM_054376769.1 → XP_054232744.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5

    4. XM_054376766.1 → XP_054232741.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5

    5. XM_054376768.1 → XP_054232743.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5

    6. XM_054376770.1 → XP_054232745.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5

    7. XM_054376771.1 → XP_054232746.1  ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6NWR5
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q15743.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q15743

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