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    TAS2R38 taste 2 receptor member 38 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5726, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    TAS2R38provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    taste 2 receptor member 38provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9584
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000257138 MIM:607751; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9584
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    PTC; T2R38; T2R61; THIOT
    Summary
    This gene encodes a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor that controls the ability to taste glucosinolates, a family of bitter-tasting compounds found in plants of the Brassica sp. Synthetic compounds phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) have been identified as ligands for this receptor and have been used to test the genetic diversity of this gene. Although several allelic forms of this gene have been identified worldwide, there are two predominant common forms (taster and non-taster) found outside of Africa. These alleles differ at three nucleotide positions resulting in amino acid changes in the protein (A49P, A262V, and V296I) with the amino acid combination PAV identifying the taster variant (and AVI identifying the non-taster variant). [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

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    See TAS2R38 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    7q34
    Exon count:
    1
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 7 NC_000007.14 (141972631..141973773, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 7 NC_060931.1 (143288364..143289506, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 7 NC_000007.13 (141672431..141673573, complement)

    Chromosome 7 - NC_000007.14Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901761 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:141645256-141646455 Neighboring gene olfactory receptor family 9 subfamily A member 4 Neighboring gene C-type lectin domain containing 5A Neighboring gene OCT4 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:141654062-141654628 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr7:141695377-141695878 Neighboring gene maltase-glucoamylase Neighboring gene maltase-glucoamylase 2 (putative) Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr7:141895891-141897090

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Genotype-specific regulation of oral innate immunity by T2R38 taste receptor. Gil S, et al. Mol Immunol, 2015 Dec. PMID 26552761, Free PMC Article
    2. T2R38 taste receptor polymorphisms underlie susceptibility to upper respiratory infection. Lee RJ, et al. J Clin Invest, 2012 Nov. PMID 23041624, Free PMC Article
    3. Genetics of the taste receptor T2R38 correlates with chronic rhinosinusitis necessitating surgical intervention. Adappa ND, et al. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 2013 Mar. PMID 23322450
    4. A case study on the association of variation of bitter-taste receptor gene TAS2R38 with the height, weight and energy intake in Japanese female college students. Inoue H, et al. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 2013. PMID 23535535
    5. Validation of edible taste strips for assessing PROP taste perception. Smutzer G, et al. Chem Senses, 2013 Jul. PMID 23761681, Free PMC Article

    See all (147) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Impact of TAS2R38 polymorphisms on nasal nitric oxide and Pseudomonas infections in primary ciliary dyskinesia: relation to genotype.
      Title: Impact of TAS2R38 polymorphisms on nasal nitric oxide and Pseudomonas infections in primary ciliary dyskinesia: relation to genotype.
    2. TAS2R38 Genotype Does Not Affect SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.
      Title: TAS2R38 Genotype Does Not Affect SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.
    3. TAS2R38 bitterness receptor genetic variation is associated with diet quality in Koreans.
      Title: TAS2R38 bitterness receptor genetic variation is associated with diet quality in Koreans.
    4. Differential Activation of TAS2R4 May Recover Ability to Taste Propylthiouracil for Some TAS2R38 AVI Homozygotes.
      Title: Differential Activation of TAS2R4 May Recover Ability to Taste Propylthiouracil for Some TAS2R38 AVI Homozygotes.
    5. Association of the bitter taste genes TAS2R38 and CA6 and breast cancer risk; a case-control study of Polish women in Poland and Polish immigrants in USA.
      Title: Association of the bitter taste genes TAS2R38 and CA6 and breast cancer risk; a case-control study of Polish women in Poland and Polish immigrants in USA.
    6. Genetic variation in TAS2R38 bitterness receptor is associated with body composition in Korean females.
      Title: Genetic variation in TAS2R38 bitterness receptor is associated with body composition in Korean females.
    7. TAS2R38 haplotypes, COVID-19 infection, and symptomatology: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
      Title: TAS2R38 haplotypes, COVID-19 infection, and symptomatology: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
    8. An Investigation of TAS2R38 Haplotypes, Dietary Intake, and Risk Factors for Chronic Disease in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
      Title: An Investigation of TAS2R38 Haplotypes, Dietary Intake, and Risk Factors for Chronic Disease in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
    9. Analysis of Genetic Polymorphism of Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R38 and TAS2R46, and Its Relationship with Eating and Drinking Habits in Japanese ToMMo Subjects.
      Title: Analysis of Genetic Polymorphism of Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R38 and TAS2R46, and Its Relationship with Eating and Drinking Habits in Japanese ToMMo Subjects.
    10. Functional Alteration and Differential Expression of the Bitter Taste Receptor T2R38 in Human Paranasal Sinus in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
      Title: Functional Alteration and Differential Expression of the Bitter Taste Receptor T2R38 in Human Paranasal Sinus in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (126)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Thiourea tasting
    MedGen: C1868397 OMIM: 171200 GeneReviews: Not available
    		Compare labs

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genetic variants associated with disordered eating.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    GWAS of human bitter taste perception identifies new loci and reveals additional complexity of bitter taste genetics.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    The perception of quinine taste intensity is associated with common genetic variants in a bitter receptor cluster on chromosome 12.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G protein-coupled receptor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables bitter taste receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables bitter taste receptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in membrane IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    taste receptor type 2 member 38
    Names
    PTC bitter taste receptor
    taste receptor type 2 member 61
    taste receptor, type 2, member 38

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_016141.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5000..6142
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_176817.5 → NP_789787.5  taste receptor type 2 member 38

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC073647
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS34765.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A4D1U6, P59533, P59552, Q2M3E8, Q645W3, Q86UK3
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      I0CKB5, Q86UK4
      Related
      ENSP00000448219.1, ENST00000547270.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd15025
      Location:16 → 309
      7tm_TAS2R38; mammalian taste receptor 2, subtype 38, member of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000007.14 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      141972631..141973773 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060931.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      143288364..143289506 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P59533.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P59533

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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