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    GLUL glutamate-ammonia ligase [ Bos taurus (domestic cattle) ]

    Gene ID: 281199, updated on 30-Jan-2025

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    GLULprovided by VGNC
    Official Full Name
    glutamate-ammonia ligaseprovided by VGNC
    Primary source
    VGNC:VGNC:29426
    See related
    BGD:BT22765; EnsemblRapid:ENSBTAG00070011899
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Bos taurus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae; Bovinae; Bos
    Orthologs
    human mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See GLUL in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 16
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_12 current ARS-UCD2.0 (GCF_002263795.3) 16 NC_037343.1 (63467853..63478625, complement)

    Chromosome 16 - NC_037343.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene enhancer of rudimentary homolog Neighboring gene nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 Neighboring gene transmembrane epididymal protein 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC132342490 Neighboring gene regulator of G protein signaling like 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_037343.1 Chromosome 16 Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Dominette sequence data
    • BioProject: PRJNA294306
    • Analysis date: Tue Dec 17 08:57:05 2024

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Distribution of glutamine synthetase and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I in vertebrate liver. Smith DD Jr, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1988 Jan. PMID 2893372, Free PMC Article
    2. Forms of selenium in vitamin-mineral mixes differentially affect serum prolactin concentration and hepatic glutamine synthetase activity of steers grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue. Jia Y, et al. J Anim Sci, 2018 Mar 6. PMID 29385471, Free PMC Article
    3. Glutamine synthetase and alanine transaminase expression are decreased in livers of aged vs. young beef cows and GS can be upregulated by 17β-estradiol implants. Miles ED, et al. J Anim Sci, 2015 Sep. PMID 26440349
    4. The bovine glutamine synthase gene (GLUL) maps to 10q33 and a pseudogene (GLULP) to 16q21. Masabanda J, et al. Mamm Genome, 1997 Oct. PMID 9321487
    5. A whole-genome assembly of the domestic cow, Bos taurus. Zimin AV, et al. Genome Biol, 2009. PMID 19393038, Free PMC Article

    See all (7) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. This study concludes that hepatic expression of alanine transaminase and glutathione synthetase (GS) are reduced in aged cows, and administration of 17beta-estradiol increases plasma estradiol and hepatic GS.
      Title: Glutamine synthetase and alanine transaminase expression are decreased in livers of aged vs. young beef cows and GS can be upregulated by 17β-estradiol implants.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    General gene information

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    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC128403

    Gene Ontology Provided by RefSeq

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables glutamine synthetase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in glutamine biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    glutamine synthetase
    Names
    GS
    glutamate decarboxylase
    glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase)
    palmitoyltransferase GLUL
    NP_001035564.1
    XP_005217320.1
    XP_024831774.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001040474.2 → NP_001035564.1  glutamine synthetase

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001035564.1

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      Source sequence(s)
      BC103099
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O02850, P15103, Q3ZBU6, Q866Q7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3Q1M403
      Related
      ENSBTAP00070015960.1, ENSBTAT00070026805.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl27748
      Location:22 → 362
      Gln-synt_C; Glutamine synthetase, catalytic domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_002263795.3-RS_2024_12

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_037343.1 Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

      Range
      63467853..63478625 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_005217263.5 → XP_005217320.1  glutamine synthetase isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005217320.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O02850, P15103, Q3ZBU6, Q866Q7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3Q1M403
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl27748
      Location:22 → 362
      Gln-synt_C; Glutamine synthetase, catalytic domain

    2. XM_024976006.2 → XP_024831774.1  glutamine synthetase isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O02850, P15103, Q3ZBU6, Q866Q7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A3Q1M403
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl27748
      Location:22 → 362
      Gln-synt_C; Glutamine synthetase, catalytic domain
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P15103.4 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P15103

    Gene LinkOut

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