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    TREM2 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 54209, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    TREM2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:17761
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000095970 MIM:605086; AllianceGenome:HGNC:17761
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    AD17; PLOSL2; TREM-2; Trem2a; Trem2b; Trem2c
    Summary
    This gene encodes a membrane protein that forms a receptor signaling complex with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein. The encoded protein functions in immune response and may be involved in chronic inflammation by triggering the production of constitutive inflammatory cytokines. Defects in this gene are a cause of polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (PLOSL). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]
    Expression
    Broad expression in brain (RPKM 11.5), lung (RPKM 7.7) and 14 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

    See TREM2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    6p21.1
    Exon count:
    5
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 6 NC_000006.12 (41158508..41163116, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 6 NC_060930.1 (40987077..40991685, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 6 NC_000006.11 (41126246..41130854, complement)

    Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak5800 silencer Neighboring gene ADCY10 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells like 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 17174 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107986595 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:41159081-41159588 Neighboring gene triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells like 2

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    BioGRID CRISPR Screen Phenotypes (18 hits/1249 screens)

    Associated conditions

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide association and population genetic analysis of C-reactive protein in African American and Hispanic American women.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Variant of TREM2 associated with the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 downregulates the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in peptide-treated PBMCs PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    General gene information

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Items 1 - 25 of 27
    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables amyloid-beta binding PubMed 
    enables apolipoprotein A-I binding PubMed 
    enables apolipoprotein binding PubMed 
    enables beta-catenin binding PubMed 
    enables high-density lipoprotein particle binding PubMed 
    enables kinase activator activity PubMed 
    enables lipid binding PubMed 
    enables lipopolysaccharide binding  
    enables lipoprotein particle binding PubMed 
    enables lipoteichoic acid binding  
    enables low-density lipoprotein particle binding PubMed 
    enables peptidoglycan binding  
    enables phosphatidylethanolamine binding PubMed 
    enables phosphatidylserine binding PubMed 
    enables phospholipid binding PubMed 
    enables protein binding PubMed 
    enables protein tyrosine kinase binding PubMed 
    enables protein-containing complex binding PubMed 
    enables scaffold protein binding PubMed 
    enables semaphorin receptor activity  
    enables semaphorin receptor binding  
    enables signaling receptor activity PubMed 
    enables signaling receptor activity PubMed 
    enables sulfatide binding PubMed 
    enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity  
    enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity PubMed 
    enables very-low-density lipoprotein particle binding PubMed 
    Items 1 - 25 of 27
    Items 1 - 25 of 132
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within_positive_effect CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway PubMed 
    involved_in T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell  
    involved_in amyloid-beta clearance PubMed 
    involved_in amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process PubMed 
    involved_in amyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic process  
    involved_in apoptotic cell clearance  
    involved_in astrocyte activation  
    involved_in cellular response to amyloid-beta PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to amyloid-beta PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to glucose stimulus  
    involved_in cellular response to hypoxia  
    involved_in cellular response to lipid PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to lipoprotein particle stimulus PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to lipoteichoic acid  
    involved_in cellular response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to peptidoglycan  
    involved_in complement-mediated synapse pruning  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within_positive_effect defense response to Gram-negative bacterium  
    involved_in dendritic cell differentiation PubMed 
    involved_in dendritic spine maintenance  
    involved_in detection of lipopolysaccharide  
    involved_in detection of lipoteichoic acid  
    involved_in detection of peptidoglycan  
    involved_in excitatory synapse pruning  
    involved_in humoral immune response  
    involved_in import into cell  
    involved_in lipid homeostasis  
    acts_upstream_of_positive_effect memory PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_positive_effect memory PubMed 
    involved_in microglial cell activation PubMed 
    involved_in microglial cell activation involved in immune response  
    involved_in microglial cell proliferation  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex assembly  
    involved_in negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation  
    involved_in negative regulation of astrocyte activation  
    involved_in negative regulation of autophagic cell death  
    involved_in negative regulation of autophagy  
    involved_in negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction  
    involved_in negative regulation of cell activation  
    involved_in negative regulation of cholesterol storage  
    involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response  
    involved_in negative regulation of fat cell proliferation  
    involved_in negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process  
    involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus  
    involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production  
    involved_in negative regulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling pathway PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of neuroinflammatory response  
    involved_in negative regulation of p38MAPK cascade  
    involved_in negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction  
    involved_in negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceride  
    involved_in negative regulation of toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway  
    involved_in negative regulation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway  
    involved_in negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within osteoclast differentiation PubMed 
    involved_in osteoclast differentiation PubMed 
    involved_in phagocytosis, engulfment  
    involved_in phagocytosis, recognition PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process  
    involved_in positive regulation of C-C chemokine receptor CCR7 signaling pathway PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascade  
    involved_in positive regulation of CD40 signaling pathway PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade  
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of TOR signaling  
    involved_in positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearance PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of amyloid-beta clearance  
    involved_in positive regulation of antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class II PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling  
    involved_in positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of chemotaxis  
    involved_in positive regulation of cholesterol efflux  
    involved_in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway  
    involved_in positive regulation of engulfment of apoptotic cell PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of establishment of protein localization  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of gene expression PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of gene expression  
    involved_in positive regulation of high-density lipoprotein particle clearance  
    involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-10 production  
    involved_in positive regulation of inward rectifier potassium channel activity PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of kinase activity PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance  
    involved_in positive regulation of macrophage fusion  
    involved_in positive regulation of microglial cell activation  
    involved_in positive regulation of microglial cell activation PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of microglial cell activation  
    involved_in positive regulation of microglial cell migration PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of microglial cell migration PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction  
    involved_in positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis  
    involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment  
    acts_upstream_of positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis, engulfment  
    involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction  
    involved_in positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein secretion PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of synapse pruning PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within_negative_effect pyroptotic inflammatory response  
    involved_in regulation of TOR signaling  
    involved_in regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response  
    involved_in regulation of gene expression PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of hippocampal neuron apoptotic process  
    involved_in regulation of innate immune response  
    involved_in regulation of innate immune response  
    involved_in regulation of interleukin-6 production PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of intracellular signal transduction PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of regulation of lipid metabolic process PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway  
    involved_in regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization  
    involved_in regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization  
    involved_in regulation of resting membrane potential PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of toll-like receptor 6 signaling pathway  
    involved_in respiratory burst after phagocytosis  
    involved_in response to axon injury PubMed 
    involved_in response to axon injury  
    involved_in response to ischemia  
    involved_in semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway  
    involved_in signal transduction  
    acts_upstream_of_positive_effect social behavior PubMed 
    Items 1 - 25 of 132
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular region  
    located_in membrane PubMed 
    is_active_in plasma membrane  
    is_active_in plasma membrane PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane  
    located_in plasma membrane raft PubMed 
    part_of semaphorin receptor complex  

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2
    Names
    triggering receptor expressed on monocytes 2
    triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2a

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_011561.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4999..9679
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_631

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001271821.2 → NP_001258750.1  triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 isoform 2 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2), alternately referred to as TREM-2V, lacks a 3' coding exon which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) is shorter compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB062787
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS64422.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9NZC2
      Related
      ENSP00000342651.4, ENST00000338469.3
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl11960
      Location:23 → 128
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
    2. NM_018965.4 → NP_061838.1  triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 isoform 1 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_061838.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AF213457, BC032362
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4852.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q8N5H8, Q8WYN6, Q9NZC2
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6NDG2, Q5TCX1
      Related
      ENSP00000362205.3, ENST00000373113.8
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00410
      Location:26 → 111
      IG_like; Immunoglobulin like
      cl11960
      Location:23 → 128
      Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000006.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      41158508..41163116 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060930.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      40987077..40991685 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
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