Grem1 gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Grem1provided by RGD
Official Full Name: gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonistprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2359
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000026053 AllianceGenome:RGD:2359
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: drm; Cktsf1b1
Summary: Predicted to enable several functions, including BMP binding activity; protein homodimerization activity; and signaling receptor activator activity. Involved in negative regulation of cell growth; negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis; and positive regulation of angiogenesis. Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Located in cell surface and extracellular space. Orthologous to human GREM1 (gremlin 1, DAN family BMP antagonist). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Kidney (RPKM 82.9), Spleen (RPKM 18.7) and 4 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 3q35

Exon count:: 2

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	3	NC_086021.1 (120966639..120978319, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	3	NC_051338.1 (100512317..100524001, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	3	NC_005102.4 (105203309..105214989, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_086021.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

The possible role of Gremlin1 in inflammatory apical periodontitis.
Title: The possible role of Gremlin1 in inflammatory apical periodontitis.
Gremlin aggravates periodontitis via activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway.
Title: Gremlin aggravates periodontitis via activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway.
Grem1 accelerates nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting TGF-beta-mediated Smad2/3 phosphorylation.
Title: Grem1 accelerates nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis and intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting TGF-β-mediated Smad2/3 phosphorylation.
Vital Roles of Gremlin-1 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Induced by Systemic-to-Pulmonary Shunts.
Title: Vital Roles of Gremlin-1 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Induced by Systemic-to-Pulmonary Shunts.
Tumor-associated macrophage-derived exosomal miR-155-5p promotes intracranial aneurysm formation via GREM1.
Title: Tumor-associated macrophage-derived exosomal microRNA-155-5p stimulates intracranial aneurysm formation and macrophage infiltration.
miR-27a up-regulation could inhibit adipogenesis and promote osteogenesis by directly targeting PPARgamma and GREM1.
Title: miR-27a attenuates adipogenesis and promotes osteogenesis in steroid-induced rat BMSCs by targeting PPARγ and GREM1.
gremlin1 promotes hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrogenesis through impairment of the balance between transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic protein 7 signaling pathways.
Title: Suppression of hepatic stellate cell activation through downregulation of gremlin1 expression by the miR-23b/27b cluster.
The therapeutic mechanism of Danshao Huaxian capsule in hepatic fibrosis may be associated with inhibition of the expression of Gremlin and up-regulation of the expression of BMP-7.
Title: Effect of Danshao Huaxian capsule on Gremlin and bone morphogenetic protein-7 expression in hepatic fibrosis in rats.
GREM1 affects follicle transition in cultured ovaries, but is not normally present in primordial and early-stage developing follicles.
Title: Roles of Gremlin 1 and Gremlin 2 in regulating ovarian primordial to primary follicle transition.
Gremlin-mediated BMP inhibition results in activation of epithelial cells and transient fibrosis, but also induction of epithelium-protective FGF10
Title: Transient overexpression of Gremlin results in epithelial activation and reversible fibrosis in rat lungs.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

Grem1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:547439

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables BMP binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables BMP binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables BMP binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables cytokine activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein homodimerization activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables receptor ligand activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables receptor ligand activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within animal organ morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cardiac muscle cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell-cell signaling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in collagen fibril organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in determination of dorsal identity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within embryonic limb morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in endothelial cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in limb development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of bone mineralization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of bone mineralization involved in bone maturation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of bone remodeling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of bone trabecula formation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of monocyte chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of osteoclast proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of receptor internalization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of signaling receptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within proximal/distal pattern formation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of focal adhesion assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
NOT involved_in regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in sequestering of BMP from receptor via BMP binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
NOT involved_in signal transduction by p53 class mediator	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in ureteric bud formation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cell surface	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: gremlin-1

Names: cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 1; down-regulated in Mos-transformed cells protein; gremlin 1 homolog, cysteine knot superfamily

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.