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Mdk midkine [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

Gene ID: 81517, updated on 9-Dec-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol: Mdkprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: midkineprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:69073
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000017560 AllianceGenome:RGD:69073
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Predicted to enable glycosaminoglycan binding activity and growth factor activity. Involved in several processes, including adrenal gland development; response to glucocorticoid; and response to wounding. Located in cell projection. Used to study brain infarction and coronary stenosis. Biomarker of myocardial infarction. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in brain ischemia. Orthologous to human MDK (midkine). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Uterus (RPKM 131.7), Lung (RPKM 67.0) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

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See Mdk in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: 3q24

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	3	NC_086021.1 (98356789..98358960, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	3	NC_051338.1 (77901134..77903997, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	3	NC_005102.4 (80841003..80843895, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_086021.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Dahuang Zhechong pill attenuates hepatic sinusoidal capillarization in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma rat model via the MK/integrin signaling pathway.
Title: Dahuang Zhechong pill attenuates hepatic sinusoidal capillarization in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma rat model via the MK/integrin signaling pathway.
MiR-326 targets MDK to regulate the progression of cardiac hypertrophy through blocking JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling pathways.
Title: MiR-326 targets MDK to regulate the progression of cardiac hypertrophy through blocking JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling pathways.
Data suggest that retinoic acid up-regulates Mdk gene expression via Rar signaling in neurons of anterior pituitary which also express Raldh1. (Mdk = midkine; Rar = retinoic acid receptor; Raldh1= retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1)
Title: Effect of retinoic acid on midkine gene expression in rat anterior pituitary cells.
MK and its receptor, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type Z (Ptprz1), are present in the adult rat pituitary
Title: Expression of the heparin-binding growth factor midkine and its receptor, Ptprz1, in adult rat pituitary.
We hypothesize a role for these cytokines in mediating, at least in part, acute neuroprotective effects and chronic neurotrophic adaptations that contribute to drug dependence.
Title: Glial activation and midkine and pleiotrophin transcription in the ventral tegmental area are modulated by morphine administration.
Downregulation of MK gene on D15 may contribute to primary PH in the nitrofen CDH model by disrupting early lung morphogenesis.
Title: Downregulation of Midkine gene expression and its response to retinoic acid treatment in the nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung.
The apoA-V-midkine binding at the cell surface using antibody directed against midkine is able to influence INS-1 cell function as insulin secretion.
Title: Apolipoprotein A-V modulates insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells through its interaction with midkine.
The angiogenic factor midkine is regulated by dexamethasone and retinoic acid during alveolarization and in alveolar epithelial cells.
Title: The angiogenic factor midkine is regulated by dexamethasone and retinoic acid during alveolarization and in alveolar epithelial cells.
upregulation of PTN, but not MK, could play an important role in the recovery from nerve damage
Title: Different pattern of pleiotrophin and midkine expression in neuropathic pain: correlation between changes in pleiotrophin gene expression and rat strain differences in neuropathic pain.
midkine is synthesized, released, and taken up in anterior horn motor neurons in an autocrine fashion with lipoprotein receptor-related protein
Title: Midkine expression in rat spinal motor neurons following sciatic nerve injury.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

UniSTS:257025 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:257025

Mdk-ps1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:257025

RH141843 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:223835

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables chondroitin sulfate binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables chondroitin sulfate binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables chondroitin sulfate binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables growth factor activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables growth factor activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heparan sulfate binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heparan sulfate binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables heparan sulfate binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables heparin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables heparin binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables heparin binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in T cell activation involved in immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in T cell activation involved in immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in T cell activation involved in immune response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in adrenal gland development	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in behavioral fear response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in behavioral fear response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cerebellar granular layer development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cerebellar granular layer development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cerebral cortex development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cerebral cortex development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cytoskeleton organization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cytoskeleton organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cytoskeleton organization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in defecation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in defecation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in dentate gyrus development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in dentate gyrus development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in estrous cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in estrous cycle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in estrous cycle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in glial cell projection elongation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glial cell projection elongation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glial cell projection elongation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in hippocampus development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intracellular signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell adhesion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell adhesion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of epithelial cell apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of ossification	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of ossification	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of ossification	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in oogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in oogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in oogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of T cell differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of T cell differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of T cell differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of artery morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of artery morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of artery morphogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel branching	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel branching	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel branching	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cartilage development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cartilage development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cartilage development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell division	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron migration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron migration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron projection development	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron projection development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neuron projection development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil extravasation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell chemotaxis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of behavior	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of bone remodeling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of bone remodeling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of bone remodeling	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of chondrocyte differentiation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to auditory stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to auditory stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to auditory stimulus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to glucocorticoid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hormone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to wounding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to wounding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to wounding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in short-term memory	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in short-term memory	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in tissue regeneration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in tissue regeneration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in tissue regeneration	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell projection	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: midkine

Names: MK

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.