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    MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5601, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    MAPK9provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    mitogen-activated protein kinase 9provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:6886
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000050748 MIM:602896; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6886
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    JNK2; SAPK; p54a; JNK2A; JNK2B; PRKM9; JNK-55; SAPK1a; JNK2BETA; p54aSAPK; JNK2ALPHA
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in brain (RPKM 22.1), thyroid (RPKM 10.2) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See MAPK9 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    5q35.3
    Exon count:
    18
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (180233143..180292083, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (180788589..180847539, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (179660143..179719083, complement)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901218 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S8 pseudogene 7 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 670 pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16762 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16763 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901151 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179719561-179720203 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179726045-179726545 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179732911-179733425 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179733426-179733939 Neighboring gene glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4162 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179750129-179750814 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179755849-179756838 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179756839-179757826 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179758817-179759804 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179760793-179761780 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179763140-179763684 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179763685-179764228 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 8548 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179770451-179771368 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:179778490-179778990

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    HIV-1 interactions

    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Screening in Jurkat T-cells with a short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) library identifies MAPK9, a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is important for HIV-1 replication PubMed
    Screening in Jurkat T-cells with a short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) library identifies MAPK9, a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is important for HIV-1 replication PubMed
    Screening in Jurkat T-cells with a short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) library identifies MAPK9, a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is important for HIV-1 replication PubMed
    Screening in Jurkat T-cells with a short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) library identifies MAPK9, a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is important for HIV-1 replication PubMed
    Screening in Jurkat T-cells with a short-hairpin-RNA (shRNA) library identifies MAPK9, a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase family, is important for HIV-1 replication PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 gp120 activates NMDA receptor directly and phosphorylates JNK through a gp120-mediated apoptotic pathway in human neuroblastoma cells PubMed
    env CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptor engagement by HIV-1 gp120 in primary macrophages activates 2 members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK PubMed
    env Pretreatment of CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 gp120 followed by stimulation with jacalin results in marked inhibition of phosphorylation of ERK2 as well as JNK PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p42 extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) in primary human central nervous system (CNS) cells with an early peak of activation at 2 to 5 minutes PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs, including ERK, JNK, and p38MAPK) is induced by incubation of HIV-1 gp160 with CD4+complement receptor type 2 (CR2)+ cells PubMed
    env Pre-incubation of CD4+ T lymphocytes with anti-CD4 mAb or HIV-1 gp160 inhibits the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2) in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin PubMed
    Pr55(Gag) gag The amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaScreen) identifies the interaction of HIV-1 Gag with JNK2 PubMed
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat increases phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, p38, AKT1, MEK-1, and STAT-1alpha in Muller glia PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables JUN kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables JUN kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables JUN kinase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    involved_in JNK cascade IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in JNK cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in apoptotic signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in cellular response to reactive oxygen species IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cellular senescence TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    involved_in inflammatory response to wounding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in modulation of chemical synaptic transmission IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of podosome assembly IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of protein ubiquitination IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in protein localization to tricellular tight junction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in protein phosphorylation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of circadian rhythm ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in response to cadmium ion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in rhythmic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in mitochondrion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in nuclear speck IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    located_in nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    mitogen-activated protein kinase 9
    Names
    Jun kinase
    MAP kinase 9
    MAPK 9
    c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2
    c-Jun kinase 2
    stress-activated protein kinase 1a
    stress-activated protein kinase JNK2
    NP_001128516.1
    NP_001295173.1
    NP_001351536.1
    NP_001351537.1
    NP_001351538.1
    NP_001351539.1
    NP_001351540.1
    NP_001351541.1
    NP_001351542.1
    NP_002743.3
    NP_620707.1
    NP_620708.1
    NP_620709.1
    XP_016865132.1
    XP_047273343.1
    XP_054208909.1
    XP_054208910.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029059.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      4989..63929
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001135044.2NP_001128516.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform JNK2 gamma

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001128516.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-g) differs in the 3' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant JNK2-b2. The resulting isoform (JNK2 gamma) has a shorter and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform JNK2 beta2. Variants JNK2-g and 10 both encode the same isoform (JNK2 gamma).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115, DB451562, EU927388, U35002
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS47356.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P45984
      Related
      ENSP00000397422.2, ENST00000425491.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:25231
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    2. NM_001308244.1NP_001295173.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform gamma2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001295173.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-g2) lacks several 3' exons but contains alternate 3' exon structure, and it thus differs in the 3' coding region and 3' UTR, compared to variant JNK2-b2. The encoded isoform (gamma2) has a distinct C-terminus and is shorter than isoform beta2. The 5' UTR of this variant is incomplete due to a lack of 5'-complete transcript support for this variant.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK289638, BF056535, CX758487, HM036706
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS78103.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D7R525
      Related
      ENSP00000443149.1, ENST00000539014.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:25205
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    3. NM_001364607.2NP_001351536.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform alpha1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7), as well as variant JNK2-a1, encodes isoform alpha1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS43409.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D7R526
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07850
      Location:25360
      STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
    4. NM_001364608.2NP_001351537.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform alpha2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (8), as well as variant JNK2-a2, encodes isoform alpha2.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4453.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K0S3, B5BU66, B5M0B4, D3DWQ8, D3DWQ9, P45984, Q15708, Q15710, Q15711, Q8N5C5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5BUJ7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07850
      Location:25360
      STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
    5. NM_001364609.2NP_001351538.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform beta2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (9), as well as variant JNK2-b2, encodes isoform beta2.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4454.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5BUJ7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07850
      Location:25360
      STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
    6. NM_001364610.2NP_001351539.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform JNK2 gamma

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (10), as well as variant JNK2-g, encodes isoform JNK2 gamma.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS47356.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:25231
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    7. NM_001364611.2NP_001351540.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform 11

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (11), as well as variant 12, encodes isoform 11.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5BUJ7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07850
      Location:18334
      STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
    8. NM_001364612.2NP_001351541.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform 11

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (12), as well as variant 11, encodes isoform 11.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5BUJ7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07850
      Location:18334
      STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
    9. NM_001364613.2NP_001351542.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform 12

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5BUJ7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07850
      Location:18334
      STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
    10. NM_002752.5NP_002743.3  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform alpha2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002743.3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-a2) encodes the longer of the two JNK2 alpha isoforms (JNK2 alpha2). The JNK2-a2 variant differs from the JNK2-b2 variant in the use of an alternate internal coding exon of the same length. Thus, JNK2 alpha2 isoform is the same length as JNK2 beta2 isoform, with a few aa differences in an internal protein segment. Variants JNK2-a2 and 8 both encode the same isoform (alpha2).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115, BC032539, DB451562
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4453.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K0S3, B5BU66, B5M0B4, D3DWQ8, D3DWQ9, P45984, Q15708, Q15710, Q15711, Q8N5C5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5BUJ7
      Related
      ENSP00000394560.2, ENST00000452135.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07850
      Location:25360
      STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
    11. NM_139068.3NP_620707.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform alpha1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_620707.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-a1) uses a different acceptor splice site in the last coding exon compared to transcript variant JNK2-a2, resulting in a frameshift and a shorter isoform (JNK2 alpha1) with a different C-terminus, compared to isoform JNK2 alpha2. The JNK2-a1 variant differs from the JNK2-b1 variant in the use of an alternate internal coding exon of the same length. Thus, JNK2 alpha1 isoform is the same length as JNK2 beta1 isoform, with a few aa differences in an internal protein segment. Variants JNK2-a1 and 7 both encode the same isoform (alpha1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115, DB451562, U34821
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS43409.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D7R526
      Related
      ENSP00000377028.3, ENST00000393360.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07850
      Location:25360
      STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
    12. NM_139069.3NP_620708.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform beta1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_620708.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-b1) uses a different acceptor splice site in the last coding exon compared to transcript variant JNK2-b2, resulting in a frameshift and a shorter isoform (JNK2 beta1) with a different C-terminus, compared to isoform JNK2 beta2. The JNK2-b1 variant differs from the JNK2-a1 variant in the use of an alternate internal coding exon of the same length. Thus, JNK2 beta1 isoform is the same length as JNK2 alpha1 isoform, with a few aa differences in an internal protein segment.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115, AK289638, DB451562, U35002
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS43410.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D7R527
      Related
      ENSP00000345524.6, ENST00000343111.10
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07850
      Location:25360
      STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
    13. NM_139070.3NP_620709.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform beta2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_620709.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (JNK2-b2) encodes the longer of the two JNK2 beta isoforms (JNK2 beta2). The JNK2-b2 variant differs from the JNK2-a2 variant in the use of an alternate internal coding exon of the same length. Thus, JNK2 beta2 isoform is the same length as JNK2 alpha2 isoform, with a few aa differences in an internal protein segment. Variants JNK-b2 and 9 both encode the same isoform (beta2).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC008610, AC104115, AK289638, DB451562
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4454.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5BUJ7
      Related
      ENSP00000389338.1, ENST00000455781.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd07850
      Location:25360
      STKc_JNK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      180233143..180292083 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047417387.1XP_047273343.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5BUJ7
    2. XM_017009643.2XP_016865132.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D7R525
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:25205
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      180788589..180847539 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054352934.1XP_054208909.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5BUJ7
    2. XM_054352935.1XP_054208910.1  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D7R525