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    TLR10 toll like receptor 10 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 81793, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    TLR10provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    toll like receptor 10provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:15634
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000174123 MIM:606270; AllianceGenome:HGNC:15634
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    CD290
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is most highly expressed in lymphoid tissues such as spleen, lymph node, thymus, and tonsil. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants which encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]
    Expression
    Biased expression in lymph node (RPKM 20.4), spleen (RPKM 11.7) and 3 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See TLR10 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    4p14
    Exon count:
    4
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 4 NC_000004.12 (38772238..38782990, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 4 NC_060928.1 (38742654..38753390, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 4 NC_000004.11 (38773859..38784611, complement)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105374413 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21442 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21443 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21444 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21445 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21446 Neighboring gene RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 158 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21447 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_79942 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21448 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_79947 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_79956/79957 Neighboring gene toll like receptor 1 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 13104 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21449 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancers experimental_79971, experimental_79978, experimental_79983/79985 and experimental_79990 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_80014/80015 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_80021 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_80029 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124900695

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Human TLR10 is an anti-inflammatory pattern-recognition receptor. Oosting M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2014 Oct 21. PMID 25288745, Free PMC Article
    2. A role for TLR10 in obesity and adipose tissue morphology. Boutens L, et al. Cytokine, 2018 Aug. PMID 29698883
    3. Polymorphisms in Toll-Like Receptor 10 and Tuberculosis Susceptibility: Evidence from Three Independent Series. Wang Y, et al. Front Immunol, 2018. PMID 29527210, Free PMC Article
    4. Increased Expression of the Innate Immune Receptor TLR10 in Obesity and Type-2 Diabetes: Association with ROS-Mediated Oxidative Stress. Sindhu S, et al. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2018. PMID 29428931
    5. Effect of TLR10 (2322A/G, 720A/C, and 992T/A) polymorphisms on the pathogenesis of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever disease. Kızıldağ S, et al. J Med Virol, 2018 Jan. PMID 28843003

    See all (130) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. TLR10 (CD290) Is a Regulator of Immune Responses in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells.
      Title: TLR10 (CD290) Is a Regulator of Immune Responses in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells.
    2. Analysis of TLR10 gene polymorphisms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
      Title: Analysis of TLR10 gene polymorphisms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
    3. Relationship of Toll-Like Receptor 7, 9, and 10 Polymorphisms and the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019.
      Title: Relationship of Toll-Like Receptor 7, 9, and 10 Polymorphisms and the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019.
    4. Toll-like receptor 10 is down-regulated in serum of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis but not associated with Epstein-Barr virus.
      Title: Toll-like receptor 10 is down-regulated in serum of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis but not associated with Epstein-Barr virus.
    5. Regulation of TLR10 Expression and Its Role in Chemotaxis of Human Neutrophils.
      Title: Regulation of TLR10 Expression and Its Role in Chemotaxis of Human Neutrophils.
    6. Toll-like receptor 10 has a role in human macrophage response against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
      Title: Toll-like receptor 10 has a role in human macrophage response against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
    7. TLR10 genotypes affect long-term graft function in tacrolimus-treated solid organ transplant recipients.
      Title: TLR10 genotypes affect long-term graft function in tacrolimus-treated solid organ transplant recipients.
    8. TLR10 and Its Role in Immunity.
      Title: TLR10 and Its Role in Immunity.
    9. Toll-like receptor 10 expression in B cells is negatively correlated with the progression of primary Sjogren's disease.
      Title: Toll-like receptor 10 expression in B cells is negatively correlated with the progression of primary Sjögren's disease.
    10. Gene polymorphisms of TLR10: effects on bacterial meningitis outcomes in Angolan children.
      Title: Gene polymorphisms of TLR10: effects on bacterial meningitis outcomes in Angolan children.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (86)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    A genome-wide association meta-analysis of self-reported allergy identifies shared and allergy-specific susceptibility loci.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Identification of genetic loci associated with Helicobacter pylori serologic status.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies ten loci influencing allergic sensitization.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC104967, MGC126398, MGC126399

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables Toll-like receptor 2 binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables lipopeptide binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables signaling receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables transmembrane signaling receptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cellular response to bacterial lipopeptide IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in immune response NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in inflammatory response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in innate immune response NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in toll-like receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in toll-like receptor signaling pathway ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in plasma membrane NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    part_of receptor complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    toll-like receptor 10
    NP_001017388.1
    NP_001182035.1
    NP_001182036.1
    NP_001182037.1
    NP_112218.2
    XP_011512062.1
    XP_011512064.1
    XP_047272180.1
    XP_047272181.1
    XP_047272182.1
    XP_047272183.1
    XP_054206915.1
    XP_054206916.1
    XP_054206917.1
    XP_054206918.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001017388.3 → NP_001017388.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001017388.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks two exons in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1-4 encode the same protein (isoform a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC118137, AY358300, DA643313
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3445.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K7L1, B3Y668, D1CS21, D1CS22, Q32MI7, Q32MI8, Q5FWG4, Q6UXL3, Q9BXR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS28
      Related
      ENSP00000354459.2, ENST00000361424.6
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      smart00082
      Location:522 → 574
      LRRCT; Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain
      smart00255
      Location:633 → 775
      TIR; Toll - interleukin 1 - resistance
      COG4886
      Location:289 → 522
      LRR; Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein [Transcription]
      sd00031
      Location:50 → 73
      LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      sd00033
      Location:350 → 373
      LRR_RI; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      pfam13855
      Location:72 → 129
      LRR_8; Leucine rich repeat

    2. NM_001195106.2 → NP_001182035.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001182035.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks one exon in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1-4 encode the same protein (isoform a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC118137, AW504309, AY358300, DA213264, DA643313
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3445.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K7L1, B3Y668, D1CS21, D1CS22, Q32MI7, Q32MI8, Q5FWG4, Q6UXL3, Q9BXR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS28
      Related
      ENSP00000478206.1, ENST00000613579.4
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      smart00082
      Location:522 → 574
      LRRCT; Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain
      smart00255
      Location:633 → 775
      TIR; Toll - interleukin 1 - resistance
      COG4886
      Location:289 → 522
      LRR; Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein [Transcription]
      sd00031
      Location:50 → 73
      LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      sd00033
      Location:350 → 373
      LRR_RI; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      pfam13855
      Location:72 → 129
      LRR_8; Leucine rich repeat

    3. NM_001195107.2 → NP_001182036.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001182036.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks one exon in the 5' UTR, compared to variant 1. Variants 1-4 encode the same protein (isoform a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC118137, AF296673, AY358300, DA312129, DA643313
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3445.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K7L1, B3Y668, D1CS21, D1CS22, Q32MI7, Q32MI8, Q5FWG4, Q6UXL3, Q9BXR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS28
      Related
      ENSP00000478985.1, ENST00000622002.4
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      smart00082
      Location:522 → 574
      LRRCT; Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain
      smart00255
      Location:633 → 775
      TIR; Toll - interleukin 1 - resistance
      COG4886
      Location:289 → 522
      LRR; Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein [Transcription]
      sd00031
      Location:50 → 73
      LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      sd00033
      Location:350 → 373
      LRR_RI; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      pfam13855
      Location:72 → 129
      LRR_8; Leucine rich repeat

    4. NM_001195108.2 → NP_001182037.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform b

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001182037.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an alternate exon in the 5' UTR and uses a different splice site which results in part of the 5' coding region being absent, compared to variant 1. The resulting predicted protein (isoform b) has a shorter N-terminus and is missing a potential signal peptide when it is compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC118137, AF296673, AY358300, BP383038, DA643313
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS28
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      smart00082
      Location:508 → 560
      LRRCT; Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain
      smart00255
      Location:619 → 761
      TIR; Toll - interleukin 1 - resistance
      cd00116
      Location:334 → 441
      LRR_RI; Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), ribonuclease inhibitor (RI)-like subfamily. LRRs are 20-29 residue sequence motifs present in many proteins that participate in protein-protein interactions and have different functions and cellular locations. LRRs correspond ...
      sd00031
      Location:36 → 59
      LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      sd00033
      Location:336 → 359
      LRR_RI; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      pfam13855
      Location:58 → 115
      LRR_8; Leucine rich repeat

    5. NM_030956.4 → NP_112218.2  toll-like receptor 10 isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_112218.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1-4 encode the same protein (isoform a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC118137, AF296673, AY358300, DA643313, DB226380
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3445.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K7L1, B3Y668, D1CS21, D1CS22, Q32MI7, Q32MI8, Q5FWG4, Q6UXL3, Q9BXR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS28
      Related
      ENSP00000308925.4, ENST00000308973.9
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      smart00082
      Location:522 → 574
      LRRCT; Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain
      smart00255
      Location:633 → 775
      TIR; Toll - interleukin 1 - resistance
      COG4886
      Location:289 → 522
      LRR; Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein [Transcription]
      sd00031
      Location:50 → 73
      LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      sd00033
      Location:350 → 373
      LRR_RI; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      pfam13855
      Location:72 → 129
      LRR_8; Leucine rich repeat

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000004.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      38772238..38782990 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011513760.3 → XP_011512062.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011512062.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS28
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      smart00082
      Location:508 → 560
      LRRCT; Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain
      smart00255
      Location:619 → 761
      TIR; Toll - interleukin 1 - resistance
      cd00116
      Location:334 → 441
      LRR_RI; Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), ribonuclease inhibitor (RI)-like subfamily. LRRs are 20-29 residue sequence motifs present in many proteins that participate in protein-protein interactions and have different functions and cellular locations. LRRs correspond ...
      sd00031
      Location:36 → 59
      LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      sd00033
      Location:336 → 359
      LRR_RI; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      pfam13855
      Location:58 → 115
      LRR_8; Leucine rich repeat

    2. XM_011513762.3 → XP_011512064.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform X2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011512064.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K7L1, B3Y668, D1CS21, D1CS22, Q32MI7, Q32MI8, Q5FWG4, Q6UXL3, Q9BXR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS28
      Conserved Domains (6) summary
      smart00082
      Location:522 → 574
      LRRCT; Leucine rich repeat C-terminal domain
      smart00255
      Location:633 → 775
      TIR; Toll - interleukin 1 - resistance
      COG4886
      Location:289 → 522
      LRR; Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) protein [Transcription]
      sd00031
      Location:50 → 73
      LRR_1; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      sd00033
      Location:350 → 373
      LRR_RI; leucine-rich repeat [structural motif]
      pfam13855
      Location:72 → 129
      LRR_8; Leucine rich repeat

    3. XM_047416227.1 → XP_047272183.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS28

    4. XM_047416226.1 → XP_047272182.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K7L1, B3Y668, D1CS21, D1CS22, Q32MI7, Q32MI8, Q5FWG4, Q6UXL3, Q9BXR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS28
      Related
      ENSP00000424923.1, ENST00000508334.1

    5. XM_047416224.1 → XP_047272180.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K7L1, B3Y668, D1CS21, D1CS22, Q32MI7, Q32MI8, Q5FWG4, Q6UXL3, Q9BXR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS28

    6. XM_047416225.1 → XP_047272181.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K7L1, B3Y668, D1CS21, D1CS22, Q32MI7, Q32MI8, Q5FWG4, Q6UXL3, Q9BXR5
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS28
      Related
      ENSP00000421483.1, ENST00000506111.1

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060928.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      38742654..38753390 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054350940.1 → XP_054206915.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS30

    2. XM_054350942.1 → XP_054206917.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS30

    3. XM_054350943.1 → XP_054206918.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS30

    4. XM_054350941.1 → XP_054206916.1  toll-like receptor 10 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D1CS30
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9BXR5.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9BXR5

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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