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    FGF2 fibroblast growth factor 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2247, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    FGF2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    fibroblast growth factor 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:3676
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000138685 MIM:134920; AllianceGenome:HGNC:3676
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    BFGF; FGFB; FGF-2; HBGF-2
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. FGF family members bind heparin and possess broad mitogenic and angiogenic activities. This protein has been implicated in diverse biological processes, such as limb and nervous system development, wound healing, and tumor growth. The mRNA for this gene contains multiple polyadenylation sites, and is alternatively translated from non-AUG (CUG) and AUG initiation codons, resulting in five different isoforms with distinct properties. The CUG-initiated isoforms are localized in the nucleus and are responsible for the intracrine effect, whereas, the AUG-initiated form is mostly cytosolic and is responsible for the paracrine and autocrine effects of this FGF. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Broad expression in fat (RPKM 17.2), endometrium (RPKM 8.8) and 21 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    Location:
    4q28.1
    Exon count:
    3
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 4 NC_000004.12 (122826682..122898236)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 4 NC_060928.1 (126130781..126202343)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 4 NC_000004.11 (123747837..123819391)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene CRISPRi-validated cis-regulatory element chr4.2649 Neighboring gene Bardet-Biedl syndrome 12 Neighboring gene DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 2230 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:123705471-123706466 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr4:123707239-123708438 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:123709565-123710492 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4773 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr4:123719262-123720461 Neighboring gene FGF2 promoter region Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10032 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:123749417-123749942 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21877 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:123767626-123768139 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:123768140-123768652 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L34 pseudogene 12 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S26 pseudogene 23 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124900773 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4593 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:123843896-123844432 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:123865949-123866476 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:123866477-123867003 Neighboring gene nudix hydrolase 6 Neighboring gene AFG2 AAA ATPase homolog A Neighboring gene coilin pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105377404

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide association study identifies two novel genomic regions in irritable bowel syndrome.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Pre-treatment of endothelial cells with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) protects cells from HIV-1 gp120 angiotoxicity; this protection is regulated by crosstalk among the ERK, PI3K-AKT and PKC signaling pathways PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-induced apoptosis in cell cultures through binding to CXCR4 involves protein kinase C, basic fibroblast growth factor, caspase-3, and pro-apoptotic molecule Bax PubMed
    Nef nef HIV-1 Nef synergizes with IL-6 to upregulate expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and cyclin D1 in NIH3T3-induced tissues PubMed
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat increases permeability of human glomerular endothelial cells by activating Rho-A, pMLC, and c-Src pathways, which involves VEGF-A and FGF-2 PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat protein, but not HIV-1 Nef and gp120 proteins, competes with FGF-2 for binding to fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 (FGF-BP1) PubMed
    tat The basic domain (49RKKRRQRRR57) of HIV-1 Tat is essential for enhancing the FGF-induced activation of ERK, Rho-A, and MLC2 and upregulates the expression of MMP-9 in human podocytes PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat enhances vIL-6-induced angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of fibroblasts and human endothelial cells, which correlates with upregulation of CD31, CD34, SMA, VEGF, b-FGF, and cyclin D1 expression PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat induces endothelial cells to progress through the G1 phase in response to bFGF, and this process is linked to ERK activation PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat competes with bFGF for binding to Heparin, an effect mediated by the basic region of Tat (amino acids 49-57) PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat inhibits bFGF-induced secretion of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat synergizes with bFGF to promote Kaposi's sarcoma, endothelial cell growth and locomotion, and secretion of matrix-metalloproteinase-2 PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables H3K9me3 modified histone binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables chemoattractant activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables chemokine binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables cytokine activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables fibroblast growth factor receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables fibroblast growth factor receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables growth factor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables growth factor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables heparin binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables integrin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables nuclear receptor coactivator activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables receptor-receptor interaction IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in Ras protein signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    involved_in angiogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in animal organ morphogenesis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in behavioral response to ethanol IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in canonical Wnt signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to mechanical stimulus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in chemotaxis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    involved_in chondroblast differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in embryo development ending in birth or egg hatching IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in embryonic morphogenesis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in endothelial cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in glial cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in growth factor dependent regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in hyaluronan catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in lung development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in lymphatic endothelial cell migration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in mammary gland epithelial cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of fibroblast migration IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of negative regulation of gene expression NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of stem cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of wound healing IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in nervous system development TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in neuroblast proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in neurogenesis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in organ induction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in osteoblast differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in paracrine signaling ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive chemotaxis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of MAP kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of MAPK cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell division IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell fate specification IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell population proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell population proliferation IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cerebellar granule cell precursor proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell migration IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of epithelial tube formation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of inner ear auditory receptor cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of neuroepithelial cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of stem cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of stem cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of angiogenesis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of cell cycle IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of cell migration IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    acts_upstream_of regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis to fibroblast growth factor NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in response to axon injury IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in signal transduction NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in stem cell development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in stem cell proliferation NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in substantia nigra development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in wound healing IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in wound healing TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    fibroblast growth factor 2
    Names
    basic fibroblast growth factor bFGF
    fibroblast growth factor 2 (basic)
    heparin-binding growth factor 2
    prostatropin

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029067.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5124..76529
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_1185

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001361665.2NP_001348594.1  fibroblast growth factor 2 isoform 18 kDa

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1b) may encode multiple distinct isoforms through the use of alternative translation start codons (PMID: 17131363). This record represents use of the most conserved AUG start codon and encodes the shortest (18-kDa) isoform.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA256481, AC021205, AI276765, BP292299, BU501243, CN315083, J04513, M27968
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS93618.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      D9ZGF5
      Related
      ENSP00000494222.1, ENST00000644866.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00167
      Location:29149
      FGF; Fibroblast growth factor
    2. NM_002006.6NP_001997.5  fibroblast growth factor 2 isoform 34 kDa

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001997.5

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1a) may encode multiple distinct isoforms through the use of alternative translation start codons (PMID: 17131363). This record represents use of the 5' most non-AUG start codon and encodes the longest (34-kDa) isoform.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC021205
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS34059.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A4LBB8, O00527, P09038, P78443, Q16443, Q5PY50, Q7KZ11, Q7KZ72, Q9UC54, Q9UCS5, Q9UCS6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A0A0MQV6
      Related
      ENSP00000264498.4, ENST00000264498.9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00167
      Location:161282
      FGF; Fibroblast growth factor

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000004.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      122826682..122898236
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060928.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      126130781..126202343
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)