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Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120
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env
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In the presence of HIV-1 gp120, stimulation through the CD28 pathway partially restores IL-2 and IFN-gamma production by T cell lines in response to anti-CD3 antibodies |
PubMed
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env
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Molecular interactions of CD2 with LFA-3 and CD28 with B7-1 in conjunction with TCR occupancy prevent T cells from programmed apoptosis mediated by binding of CD4 to HIV-1 gp120, resulting in increased levels of IL-2 and IL-4 secretion from the T cells |
PubMed
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env
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The binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CD4 molecules on T cells interrupts the sequential cascade of intercellular interactions involving antigen/MHC class II-TCR/CD4, CD40L-CD40, and B71-CD28 |
PubMed
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Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor
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env
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CD3/28-treated resting CD4+ T cells produce more Env protein than untreated cells |
PubMed
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env
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Antibodies against cell surface molecules LFA-1, ICAM-1, HLA-DR, and CD28 inhibit the HIV-1 gp160-induced B cell differentiation response; gp160 also induces IL-6R and CD23 molecule expression on B cells |
PubMed
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Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41
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env
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HIV-1 gp41 peptide (amino acids 581-597) inhibits lymphoproliferation stimulated via the T-cell-activation molecules CD3, CD2, and CD28, as well as via direct stimulation mediated by phorbol ester combined with ionomycin |
PubMed
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Nef
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef downregulates CD28, a major co-stimulatory receptor that mediates effective T-cell activation, by accelerating CD28 endocytosis via the AP-2 pathway |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef utilizes beta-COP in CD28 downregulation |
PubMed
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nef
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CD28 co-localizes with the AP-2 clathrin adaptor and an HIV-1 Nef-GFP fusion protein |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 group N and group O Nef alleles only weakly downregulate CD4, CD28, and class I and II MHC molecules |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef directly interacts with clathrin adaptor complexes (AP) to downregulate numerous cellular proteins, including CD4, MHC-I, LIGHT, DC-SIGN, CD28 and MHC-II, by misrouting them to the endosomal degradation compartment or the trans Golgi-network |
PubMed
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nef
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HIV-1 Nef upregulates IL-2 secretion and HIV-1 transcription in T cells stimulated via CD3 or CD28 |
PubMed
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nef
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Amino acid residues 57-59 in HIV-1 Nef interact with the cytoplasmic domain at positions 185-193 of CD28, resulting in CD28 downregulation by endocytosis via the AP-2 pathway |
PubMed
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Pr55(Gag)
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gag
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CD3/28-treated resting CD4+ T cells produce more HIV-1 Gag protein than untreated cells |
PubMed
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Tat
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tat
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Recruitment of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to CD28 inhibits HIV-1 Tat-mediated transcription |
PubMed
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tat
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HIV-1 Tat interacts with CD3 and CD28 to co-stimulate IL-2 and IL-8 expression |
PubMed
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Vpr
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vpr
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HIV-1 Vpr significantly downregulates CD28 expression in infected T cells |
PubMed
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matrix
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gag
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IL-2-induced down modulation of CD28 is completely prevented by p17 MA, and cells derived from p17-stimulated cultures show a strong Tc1 polarization |
PubMed
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