Gapdh glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gapdhprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenaseprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:95640
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000057666 AllianceGenome:MGI:95640
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Gapd
Summary: This gene encodes a member of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. The encoded protein was originally identified as a key glycolytic enzyme that converts D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Subsequent studies have assigned a variety of additional functions to the protein including nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, the regulation of mRNA stability, and acting as a transferrin receptor on the cell surface of macrophage. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Many pseudogenes similar to this locus are found throughout the mouse genome. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Annotation information: Note: GeneID 14433 was annotated on chromosome 6 on NCBI's Build 36.1 and GeneID 407972 (then associated with the functional Gapdh) was not annotated. Sequences associated with GeneID 14433 also align to chromosome 2 A3, the location of a highly related Gapdh pseudogene that was not annotated on Build 36.1. To connect the nomenclature with the annotation, GeneID 14433 was merged with GeneID 407972 and it now represents the functional Gapdh gene on chromosome 6. The RefSeq for Gapdh is NM_008084 with NM_001001303.1 being secondary to it. The Gapdh pseudogene on chromosome 2 is now represented by GeneID 100033452 and the RefSeq NG_005903.1. [13 Feb 2013]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in placenta adult (RPKM 30.4), frontal lobe adult (RPKM 26.7) and 28 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 6 F2; 6 59.32 cM

Exon count:: 8

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	6	NC_000072.7 (125138812..125143450, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	6	NC_000072.6 (125161852..125166467, complement)

Chromosome 6 - NC_000072.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Oxidized GAPDH transfers S-glutathionylation to a nuclear protein Sirtuin-1 leading to apoptosis.
Title: Oxidized GAPDH transfers S-glutathionylation to a nuclear protein Sirtuin-1 leading to apoptosis.
A nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-GAPDH interaction sustains the stress-induced NMN/NAD(+) salvage pathway in the nucleus.
Title: A nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-GAPDH interaction sustains the stress-induced NMN/NAD(+) salvage pathway in the nucleus.
SUMOylation of Enzymes and Ion Channels in Sensory Neurons Protects against Metabolic Dysfunction, Neuropathy, and Sensory Loss in Diabetes.
Title: SUMOylation of Enzymes and Ion Channels in Sensory Neurons Protects against Metabolic Dysfunction, Neuropathy, and Sensory Loss in Diabetes.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) displays immunomodulation function.
Title: A novel moonlight function of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) for immunomodulation.
expression and sub-cellular localization change through gestation in the placenta
Title: Temporal and spatial expression of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh) in the mouse placenta.
the GluA2 subunit via its interaction with GAPDH, play a critical role in cortical neurodevelopment.
Title: Disrupting GluA2-GAPDH Interaction Affects Axon and Dendrite Development.
These findings show that post-translational modification of GAPDH lysine residues regulates hepatic and systemic metabolism, revealing an unappreciated role for hepatic GAPDH in substrate selection and utilization.
Title: Lysine post-translational modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase regulates hepatic and systemic metabolism.
These results suggest that GAPDH is an ancient, evolutionarily conserved receptor that plays a key role in the Plg-dependent regulation of macrophage recruitment in the inflammatory response to microbial aggression, thus pitting prokaryotic GAPDH against mammalian GAPDH, with both involved in a conserved role of Plg activation on the surface of their respective cells, to conflicting ends.
Title: Moonlighting glycolytic protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH): an evolutionarily conserved plasminogen receptor on mammalian cells.
GAPDH-mediated expression regulation of sodium channel genes was associated with epilepsy and the anticonvulsant action of the ketogenic diet.
Title: GAPDH-mediated posttranscriptional regulations of sodium channel Scn1a and Scn3a genes under seizure and ketogenic diet conditions.
Exosomal GAPDH from Proximal Tubule Cells Regulate ENaC Activity
Title: Exosomal GAPDH from Proximal Tubule Cells Regulate ENaC Activity.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (43)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Chemically and radiation induced (1) 1 citation
Chemically induced (ENU) (3) 1 citation
Chemically induced (other) (2) 1 citation
Endonuclease-mediated (4)
Radiation induced (2) 1 citation
Spontaneous (1) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

px-43d2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:257794

PMC102181P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270085

PMC150876P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271114

px-12d4 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:258315

PMC156256P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271388

GAPD (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:266277

PMC133555P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270633

Gapdh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:506924

px-64d8 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:258095

PMC122568P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270398

PMC133764P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270654

PMC122612P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270402

Gapdh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:496721

px-6a2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:258132

PMC186377P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271702

Gapd (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:254295

PMC109593P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270172

Gapdh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:516197

G65758 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:225899

PMC303337P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272495

px-52d10 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:257912

PMC164515P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271488

PMC193571P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271750

GDB:376732 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:157065

PMC141140P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270988

PMC152933P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271246

PMC112637P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270236

PMC316856P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273053

PMC112647P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270238

PMC112724P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270242

px-9a1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:258466

PMC114224P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270263

PMC135988P15 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270787

px-59f4 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:257988

px-10_a1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:257246

PMC128021P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270562

PMC26839P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272355

px-41c6 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:257763

Gapdh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:532456

PMC128235P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270574

PMC327192P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273135

PMC101742P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270065

px-42e1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:257778

PMC15575P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271350

PMC97911P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273660

PMC329392P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273149

PMC98059P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273662

PMC150799P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271103

Clone Names

MGC102544, MGC102546, MGC103190, MGC103191, MGC105239

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables NAD binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables NADP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables aspartic-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables disordered domain specific binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables enzyme binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) (phosphorylating) activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables microtubule binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables microtubule binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cAMP-mediated signaling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in canonical glycolysis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in canonical glycolysis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to type II interferon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in defense response to fungus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in gluconeogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in gluconeogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glucose metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
involved_in glycolytic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glycolytic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in glycolytic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in innate immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in killing by host of symbiont cells	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in killing of cells of another organism	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within multicellular organism development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of endopeptidase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of translation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of translation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neuron apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in neuron apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in peptidyl-cysteine S-trans-nitrosylation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of type I interferon production	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of type I interferon production	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in protein stabilization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein stabilization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of translation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of GAIT complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
part_of GAIT complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in cytoskeleton	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info	PubMed
located_in cytosol	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in glutamatergic synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in late endosome lumen	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
located_in lipid droplet	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in microtubule cytoskeleton	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in microtubule cytoskeleton	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in mitochondrion	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in myelin sheath	HDA more info	PubMed
located_in nuclear membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in postsynaptic density, intracellular component	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
part_of ribonucleoprotein complex	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Names: peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH

NP_001276655.1

EC 1.2.1.12

NP_001398769.1

EC 1.2.1.12

NP_001398770.1

EC 1.2.1.12

NP_001398771.1

EC 1.2.1.12

NP_001398772.1

EC 1.2.1.12

NP_001398773.1

EC 1.2.1.12

NP_001398774.1

EC 1.2.1.12

NP_032110.1

EC 1.2.1.12

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001289726.2 → NP_001276655.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 1

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AC166162

Consensus CDS

CCDS80613.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0A0MQF6, A0A1D5RLD8, S4R1W1

Related

ENSMUSP00000113942.3, ENSMUST00000117757.9

Conserved Domains (3) summary

COG0057
Location:27 → 359

GapA; Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase/erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase [Carbohydrate transport and metabolism]

pfam00044
Location:28 → 176

Gp_dh_N; Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD binding domain

pfam02800
Location:181 → 338

Gp_dh_C; Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, C-terminal domain
NM_001411840.1 → NP_001398769.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC166162

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A6H6A8, P16858, Q0QEU0, Q3THM2, Q3TUI2, Q3UMT2, Q4V783, Q569X2, Q569X5, Q5U410

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

D2KHZ9

Related

ENSMUSP00000073289.9, ENSMUST00000073605.15
NM_001411841.1 → NP_001398770.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 3

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC166162

Related

ENSMUSP00000138508.2, ENSMUST00000183272.2
NM_001411842.1 → NP_001398771.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 3

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC166162
NM_001411843.1 → NP_001398772.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 3

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC166162
NM_001411844.1 → NP_001398773.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 3

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC166162
NM_001411845.1 → NP_001398774.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 3

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC166162
NM_008084.4 → NP_032110.1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032110.1

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and uses a downstream start codon, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter N-terminus, compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AC166162

Consensus CDS

CCDS51913.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A6H6A8, P16858, Q0QEU0, Q3THM2, Q3TUI2, Q3UMT2, Q4V783, Q569X2, Q569X5, Q5U410

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A1D5RLD8, D2KHZ9, S4R1W1

Related

ENSMUSP00000113213.2, ENSMUST00000118875.8

Conserved Domains (1) summary

PLN02272
Location:2 → 330

PLN02272; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase