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    IRF1 interferon regulatory factor 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3659, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    IRF1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    interferon regulatory factor 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:6116
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000125347 MIM:147575; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6116
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    MAR; IRF-1; IMD117
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional regulator and tumor suppressor, serving as an activator of genes involved in both innate and acquired immune responses. The encoded protein activates the transcription of genes involved in the body's response to viruses and bacteria, playing a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, the immune response, and DNA damage response. This protein represses the transcription of several other genes. As a tumor suppressor, it both suppresses tumor cell growth and stimulates an immune response against tumor cells. Defects in this gene have been associated with gastric cancer, myelogenous leukemia, and lung cancer. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]
    Expression
    Broad expression in bone marrow (RPKM 34.6), appendix (RPKM 32.5) and 24 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See IRF1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    5q31.1
    Exon count:
    10
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (132481609..132490773, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (133001395..133010551, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (131817301..131826465, complement)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene MIR3936 host gene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16317 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131712295-131712796 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23068 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23069 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23070 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 22 member 5 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23071 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16318 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16319 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr5:131751322-131751510 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23072 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23073 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23074 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23075 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131763030-131763616 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131763617-131764201 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2863 Neighboring gene colitis associated IRF1 antisense regulator of intestinal homeostasis Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131780806-131781485 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131786393-131787031 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr5:131791634-131791826 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131792105-131792775 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131792776-131793445 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131799668-131800632 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131800633-131801597 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131801783-131802284 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16323 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23079 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23080 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131821689-131822888 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16324 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131825338-131825985 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16326 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23081 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131827280-131827925 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23084 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16327 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131832117-131833091 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23085 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23086 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23087 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:131892292-131892952 Neighboring gene interleukin 5 Neighboring gene RAD50 double strand break repair protein Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr5:131954089-131954264 Neighboring gene Th2 cytokine locus control region Neighboring gene T helper type 2 locus control region associated RNA

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Dual effects of HTLV-1 bZIP factor in suppression of interferon regulatory factor 1. Mukai R, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2011 Jun 3. PMID 21586271
    2. Oncogenic Ras inhibits IRF1 to promote viral oncolysis. Komatsu Y, et al. Oncogene, 2015 Jul 23. PMID 25347735
    3. The regulation role of interferon regulatory factor-1 gene and clinical relevance. Dou L, et al. Hum Immunol, 2014 Nov. PMID 25312803
    4. Interferon regulatory factor 1 is an independent predictor of platinum resistance and survival in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Cohen S, et al. Gynecol Oncol, 2014 Sep. PMID 24995581
    5. IRF-1 responsiveness to IFN-γ predicts different cancer immune phenotypes. Murtas D, et al. Br J Cancer, 2013 Jul 9. PMID 23807161, Free PMC Article

    See all (395) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Interferon regulatory factor 1 mediated inhibition of Treg cell differentiation induces maternal-fetal immune imbalance in preeclampsia.
      Title: Interferon regulatory factor 1 mediated inhibition of Treg cell differentiation induces maternal-fetal immune imbalance in preeclampsia.
    2. Predisposal of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Deficiency to Accumulate DNA Damage and Promote Osteoarthritis Development in Cartilage.
      Title: Predisposal of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 Deficiency to Accumulate DNA Damage and Promote Osteoarthritis Development in Cartilage.
    3. Opposing tumor-cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic roles of the IRF1 transcription factor in antitumor immunity.
      Title: Opposing tumor-cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic roles of the IRF1 transcription factor in antitumor immunity.
    4. Transcriptomics confirms IRF1 as a key regulator of pyroptosis in diabetic retinopathy.
      Title: Transcriptomics confirms IRF1 as a key regulator of pyroptosis in diabetic retinopathy.
    5. Cooperative interaction of interferon regulatory factor -1 and bromodomain-containing protein 4 on RNA polymerase activation for intrinsic innate immunity.
      Title: Cooperative interaction of interferon regulatory factor -1 and bromodomain-containing protein 4 on RNA polymerase activation for intrinsic innate immunity.
    6. IRF1 Mediates Growth Arrest and the Induction of a Secretory Phenotype in Alveolar Epithelial Cells in Response to Inflammatory Cytokines IFNgamma/TNFalpha.
      Title: IRF1 Mediates Growth Arrest and the Induction of a Secretory Phenotype in Alveolar Epithelial Cells in Response to Inflammatory Cytokines IFNγ/TNFα.
    7. Roles of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 in Tumor Progression and Regression: Two Sides of a Coin.
      Title: Roles of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 in Tumor Progression and Regression: Two Sides of a Coin.
    8. The RNA m[6]A reader IGF2BP3 regulates NFAT1/IRF1 axis-mediated anti-tumor activity in gastric cancer.
      Title: The RNA m(6)A reader IGF2BP3 regulates NFAT1/IRF1 axis-mediated anti-tumor activity in gastric cancer.
    9. TNF and IFNgamma-induced cell death requires IRF1 and ELAVL1 to promote CASP8 expression.
      Title: TNF and IFNγ-induced cell death requires IRF1 and ELAVL1 to promote CASP8 expression.
    10. IRF1 regulates self-renewal and stress responsiveness to support hematopoietic stem cell maintenance.
      Title: IRF1 regulates self-renewal and stress responsiveness to support hematopoietic stem cell maintenance.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (290)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Gastric cancer
    MedGen: C0024623 OMIM: 613659 GeneReviews: Not available
    		Compare labs
    Immunodeficiency 117
    MedGen: C5882739 OMIM: 620668 GeneReviews: Not available
    		not available
    Lung cancer
    MedGen: C0242379 OMIM: 211980 GeneReviews: Not available
    		Compare labs

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Association of novel genetic Loci with circulating fibrinogen levels: a genome-wide association study in 6 population-based cohorts.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide interaction studies reveal sex-specific asthma risk alleles.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in >80 000 subjects identifies multiple loci for C-reactive protein levels.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Multiethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in >100 000 subjects identifies 23 fibrinogen-associated Loci but no strong evidence of a causal association between circulating fibrinogen and cardiovascular disease.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    New gene functions in megakaryopoiesis and platelet formation.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Novel loci, including those related to Crohn disease, psoriasis, and inflammation, identified in a genome-wide association study of fibrinogen in 17 686 women: the Women's Genome Health Study.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    HIV-1 interactions

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    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    HIV-1 replication requires IRF1 expression as siRNA knockdown of IRF1 resulted in >90% inhibition of HIV replication in CD4+ T cells and monocytes PubMed
    HIV/tuberculosis coinfection upregulates IRF1 expression in pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC) isolated from antiretroviral-naive coinfected patients (relative to patients infected with only tuberculosis) PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Nef nef HIV-1 Nef-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation results in increased expression of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in recombinant Nef-treated human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) PubMed
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat represses transcription of the LMP2 gene by competing with STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) for binding to IRF-1 (interferon-regulatory factor-1) at the LMP2 promoter PubMed
    Vif vif HIV-1 Vif downregulates the expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) in Vif-expression T cells PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ISA
    Inferred from Sequence Alignment
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to interferon-beta IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to mechanical stimulus IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in defense response to virus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in immune system process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of interferon-beta production IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-12 production IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of type I interferon production ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of adaptive immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of cell cycle IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of cell cycle TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of innate immune response TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in type II interferon-mediated signaling pathway ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chromatin IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in chromatin ISA
    Inferred from Sequence Alignment
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    interferon regulatory factor 1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_011450.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..14165
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001354924.1 → NP_001341853.1  interferon regulatory factor 1 isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC116366, KJ200634
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS93778.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      X5D3F6
      Related
      ENSP00000505720.1, ENST00000680903.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00605
      Location:7 → 112
      IRF; Interferon regulatory factor transcription factor

    2. NM_001354925.1 → NP_001341854.1  interferon regulatory factor 1 isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC116366, CT004274
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS93779.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A7P0TAL6, Q5FBX3
      Related
      ENSP00000506148.1, ENST00000680139.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00605
      Location:7 → 112
      IRF; Interferon regulatory factor transcription factor

    3. NM_002198.3 → NP_002189.1  interferon regulatory factor 1 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002189.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AA402319, AC116366, AK314025, BC009483
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4155.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P10914, Q96GG7
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q6FHN8, X5CHT4
      Related
      ENSP00000245414.4, ENST00000245414.9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00605
      Location:7 → 112
      IRF; Interferon regulatory factor transcription factor

    RNA

    1. NR_149068.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC116366, KC209827

    2. NR_149069.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC116366, DA583594
      Related
      ENST00000493208.1

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      132481609..132490773 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047417154.1 → XP_047273110.1  interferon regulatory factor 1 isoform X3

    2. XM_011543379.3 → XP_011541681.1  interferon regulatory factor 1 isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00096
      Location:1 → 28
      IRF; Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF); also known as tryptophan pentad repeat. The family of IRF transcription factors is important in the regulation of interferons in response to infection by virus and in the regulation of interferon-inducible genes. The ...

    3. XM_047417153.1 → XP_047273109.1  interferon regulatory factor 1 isoform X1

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      133001395..133010551 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054352526.1 → XP_054208501.1  interferon regulatory factor 1 isoform X3

    2. XM_054352525.1 → XP_054208500.1  interferon regulatory factor 1 isoform X2

    3. XM_054352524.1 → XP_054208499.1  interferon regulatory factor 1 isoform X1

    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P10914.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P10914

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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