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    IGL immunoglobulin lambda locus [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3535, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    IGLprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    immunoglobulin lambda locusprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:5853
    See related
    AllianceGenome:HGNC:5853
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    IGL@; IGLC6
    Summary
    Immunoglobulins recognize foreign antigens and initiate immune responses such as phagocytosis and the complement system. Each immunoglobulin molecule consists of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. There are two classes of light chains, kappa and lambda. This region represents the germline organization of the lambda light chain locus. The locus includes V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments. During B cell development, a recombination event at the DNA level joins a single V segment with a J segment; the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase, and by somatic hypermutation, which occurs during B cell maturation in the spleen and lymph nodes. Several V segments and three C segments are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. The locus also includes several non-immunoglobulin genes, many of which are pseudogenes or are predicted by automated computational analysis or homology to other species. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
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    Genomic context

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    See IGL in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    22q11.22
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 22 NC_000022.11 (22026076..22922913)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 22 NC_060946.1 (22439629..23345823)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 22 NC_000022.10 (22380474..23265085)

    Chromosome 22 - NC_000022.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22292226-22293032 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22293033-22293840 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22293841-22294647 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22298307-22298806 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18712 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22306489-22307009 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13519 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22319183-22319682 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22318681-22319182 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_63111 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22336585-22337571 Neighboring gene PPM1F antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22372768-22373375 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18713 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13520 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18714 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18715 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22384595-22385375 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22385376-22386155 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18719 Neighboring gene protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1F Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22412174-22412936 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22411410-22412173 Neighboring gene PRAME N-terminal like, pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (IV)-66-1 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene DNA topoisomerase III beta Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC102724653 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 10-67 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (I)-70 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (I)-68 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 4-69 Neighboring gene NAD kinase 2, mitochondrial pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13522 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18720 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (IV)-65 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (IV)-64 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr22:22482353-22482868 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (V)-66 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (I)-63 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr22:22510059-22510201 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18721 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 1-62 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr22:22518113-22518300 Neighboring gene ABHD17A pseudogene 5 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18722 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18723 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 8-61 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13523 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 1853 Neighboring gene OTU deubiquitinase 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene URI1, prefoldin-like chaperone pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (IV)-59 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 4-60 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (V)-58 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 11-55 (non-functional) Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5890 Neighboring gene suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124905087 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 6-57 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (I)-56 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 10-54 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (IV)-53 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22644419-22644926 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372952 Neighboring gene bone morphogenetic protein 6 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13524 Neighboring gene DNA topoisomerase III beta pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene V-set pre-B cell surrogate light chain 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13525 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22741343-22741913 Neighboring gene BMS1 pseudogene 20 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 5-52 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 1-51 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 1-50 (non-functional) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (VII)-41-1 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC101929255 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13526 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 9-49 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 5-48 (non-functional) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 1-47 Neighboring gene ASH2L pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 7-46 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 5-45 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 1-44 Neighboring gene ASH2L pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 7-43 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (I)-42 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 1-41 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 1-40 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (I)-38 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 5-37 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 1-36 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC648691 Neighboring gene ASH2L pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124905161 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 7-35 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22874253-22875452 Neighboring gene ASH2L pseudogene 4 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr22:22896585-22896782 Neighboring gene IGL region enhancer-blocking element 22-2 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 280B Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22915922-22916455 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7390 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22937233-22937732 Neighboring gene zinc finger protein 280A Neighboring gene uncharacterized LL22NC03-102D1.18 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr22:22981520-22981708 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:22993399-22994373 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-34 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-33 (non-functional) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-32 (non-functional) Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr22:23009335-23009514 Neighboring gene PRAME nuclear receptor transcriptional regulator Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-31 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene POM121 transmembrane nucleoporin like 1, pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-30 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18724 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC112267890 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18725 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18726 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (VI)-25-1 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene gamma-glutamyltransferase-like activity 1 pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (VI)-22-1 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-29 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23076112-23076612 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-28 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-27 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23088669-23089169 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-26 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain 2 Neighboring gene BCR pseudogene 4 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-25 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-24 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-23 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr22:23112882-23113048 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-22 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable (I)-20 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-21 Neighboring gene chromosome 2 open reading frame 27B pseudogene Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-19 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-18 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-17 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-16 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372948 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-15 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-14 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-13 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-12 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124905086 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-11 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC102724638 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-10 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18729 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18728 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18727 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18730 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18733 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18732 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18731 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13527 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-9 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-8 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr22:23255258-23255428 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372947 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18734 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18735 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18736 Neighboring gene microRNA 650 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-7 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18737 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18738 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13528 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-6 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18739 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18740 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-5 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-4 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18741 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13529 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18742 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 4-3 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-2 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda variable 3-1 Neighboring gene microRNA 5571 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda like polypeptide 5 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda joining 1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda constant 1 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda joining 2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda constant 2 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda joining 3 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23372942-23373717 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23371522-23372419 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda constant 3 (Kern-Oz+ marker) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda joining 4 (non-functional) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda constant 4 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda joining 5 (non-functional) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda joining 6 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda constant 5 (pseudogene) Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda joining 7 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda constant 6 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23389977-23390477 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23389476-23389976 Neighboring gene immunoglobulin lambda constant 7 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18743 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18744 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23400965-23401466 Neighboring gene ATP5PF pseudogene 2 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr22:23408338-23408545 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23413406-23414286 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23414287-23415168 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13531 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13530 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23419536-23420472 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23420473-23421408 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23427689-23428684 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23443582-23444481 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23444482-23445380 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23449187-23450051 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23454971-23455874 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23458713-23459630 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:23464199-23464700 Neighboring gene radial spoke head 14 homolog Neighboring gene G protein subunit alpha z

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Formation of amyloid fibers by monomeric light chain variable domains. Brumshtein B, et al. J Biol Chem, 2014 Oct 3. PMID 25138218, Free PMC Article
    2. Human immunoglobulin kappa light-chain genes are deleted or rearranged in lambda-producing B cells. Hieter PA, et al. Nature, 1981 Apr 2. PMID 6783958
    3. Assignment of the genes for human lambda immunoglobulin chains to chromosome 22. Erikson J, et al. Nature, 1981 Nov 12. PMID 6795508
    4. Chromosomal location of human kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chain constant region genes. McBride OW, et al. J Exp Med, 1982 May 1. PMID 6802926, Free PMC Article
    5. Organization of the human immunoglobulin lambda light-chain locus on chromosome 22q11.2. Frippiat JP, et al. Hum Mol Genet, 1995 Jun. PMID 7655473

    See all (38) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. In eosinophilic oesophagitis, serum Ig-fLC appeared higher in female than male children.
      Title: Serum immunoglobulin free light chain levels are higher in girls than boys during eosinophilic oesophagitis.
    2. the monomeric form of the Mcg immunoglobulin light chain variable domain as the quaternary unit required for amyloid fiber assembly.
      Title: Formation of amyloid fibers by monomeric light chain variable domains.
    3. The active center of A17lambda antibody is displaced, stabilized and made more rigid owing to interdomain interactions involving the complementarity determining region(CDR)s from the variable light (VL) chain and variable heavy (VH) chain domains.
      Title: Role of κ→λ light-chain constant-domain switch in the structure and functionality of A17 reactibody.
    4. Mutation of lambda 6 light chain is associated with amyloidogenesis.
      Title: Mutational and genetic determinants of λ6 light chain amyloidogenesis.
    5. The origin of deletion 22q11 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is related to the rearrangement of immunoglobulin lambda light chain locus.
      Title: The origin of deletion 22q11 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is related to the rearrangement of immunoglobulin lambda light chain locus.
    6. Study indicates the role of the differential analysis of monomeric and dimeric kappa- and lambda-immunoglobulin (Ig) free light chains (FLC) for the precise diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS).
      Title: Free light chain monomer-dimer patterns in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
    7. A humanized rat strain carries a chimeric human/rat IgH locus together with fully human IgL loci (variable kappas linked to Jkappa-Ckappa and Vlambdas linked to Jlambda-Clambda).
      Title: High-affinity IgG antibodies develop naturally in Ig-knockout rats carrying germline human IgH/Igκ/Igλ loci bearing the rat CH region.
    8. Data indicate that serum free light chain kappa/lambda ratio (rFLC) showed the highest sensitivity (91.8%) to differentiate multiple myeloma (MM) from non-MM.
      Title: Combined analysis using extended renal reference range of serum free light chain ratio and serum protein electrophoresis improves the diagnostic accuracy of multiple myeloma in renal insufficiency.
    9. In survivors of chronic kidney failure, median serum levels of free kappa plus lambda immunoglobulin light chains are significantly higher compared with nonsurvivors.
      Title: Higher serum levels of free ĸ plus λ immunoglobulin light chains ameliorate survival of hemodialysis patients.
    10. We present a CD5-positive, CCND1-negative B-cell lymphoma with a novel translocation involving CCND2 and the immunoglobulin lambda (IGL) gene.
      Title: CD5-positive, cyclinD1-negative mantle cell lymphoma with a translocation involving the CCND2 gene and the IGL locus.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci associated with iron deficiency.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study of chronic periodontitis in a general German population.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Other Names

    • immunoglobulin lambda gene cluster

    Clone Names

    • MGC88804

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    ig lambda-6 chain C region
    Names
    immunoglobulin lambda gene cluster

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_000002.1 

      Range
      4463..889069
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000022.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      22026076..22922913
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060946.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      22439629..23345823
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Chemical Information
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    Research Materials