Araf Araf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Arafprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: Araf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinaseprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:88065
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000001127 AllianceGenome:MGI:88065
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: A-Raf; Araf1; 1200013E08Rik
Summary: Predicted to enable MAP kinase kinase kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including MAPK cascade; regulation of TOR signaling; and regulation of protein metabolic process. Located in mitochondrion. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; genitourinary system; immune system; and retina. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in high grade glioma. Orthologous to human ARAF (A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in genital fat pad adult (RPKM 50.6), adrenal adult (RPKM 43.4) and 28 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: X A1.3; X 16.3 cM

Exon count:: 17

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	X	NC_000086.8 (20663946..20726760)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	X	NC_000086.7 (20797707..20860521)

Chromosome X - NC_000086.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Toxoplasma gondii infection regulates apoptosis of host cells via miR-185/ARAF axis.
Title: Toxoplasma gondii infection regulates apoptosis of host cells via miR-185/ARAF axis.
DA-Raf1 (DA-Raf) is a splicing variant of A-Raf that suppresses the Ras-ERK pathway and is essential for both myocyte differentiation including myoblast fusion and apoptosis but apoptosis is not a prerequisite for myoblast fusion
Title: DA-Raf, a dominant-negative regulator of the Ras-ERK pathway, is essential for skeletal myocyte differentiation including myoblast fusion and apoptosis.
PKM1 interacts with A-Raf, an upstream regulator of the MEK/ERK pathway, and that this interaction contributes to MEK1 phosphorylation by A-Raf.
Title: Pyruvate kinase M1 interacts with A-Raf and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis by activating MEK1/ERK pathway in mouse insulinoma cells.
A- and B-Raf ablation in chondrocytes does not alter skeletal development, whereas ablation of C-Raf decreases hypertrophic chondrocyte apoptosis and impairs vascularization of the growth plate. However, ablation of C-Raf does not impair phosphate-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in vitro, but leads to rickets by decreasing VEGF protein stability.
Title: Raf Kinases Are Essential for Phosphate Induction of ERK1/2 Phosphorylation in Hypertrophic Chondrocytes and Normal Endochondral Bone Development.
A-Raf promotes osteoblasts differentiation in response to mechanical stress.
Title: A-Raf and C-Raf differentially regulate mechanobiological response of osteoblasts to guide mechanical stress-induced differentiation.
DA-Raf-dependent inhibition of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway in alveolar epithelial 2 cells is required for alveolar formation via triggering MMP2 activation followed by myofibroblast differentiation.
Title: DA-Raf-dependent inhibition of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells controls alveolar formation.
Galpha12-ARAF-ERK pathway stimulates RFFL transcription through the transcription factor c-Myc.
Title: Different Raf protein kinases mediate different signaling pathways to stimulate E3 ligase RFFL gene expression in cell migration regulation.
Expression of Araf in the mouse nucleus accumbens is modulated by a sequence variant (B2 SINE indel) in the 3' UTR of Comt (catechol-O-methyltransferase).
Title: A transposon in Comt generates mRNA variants and causes widespread expression and behavioral differences among mice.
Raf-1 and A-Raf have a combined role in controlling physiological transient ERK activation and in maintenance of cell cycle progression at its usual rate.
Title: A-Raf and Raf-1 work together to influence transient ERK phosphorylation and Gl/S cell cycle progression.
the binding of 14-3-3gamma to Raf indicates the critical role of this protein in ischemia-induced apoptosis and the changes in signal transduction in astrocytes in culture.
Title: 14-3-3gamma is upregulated by in vitro ischemia and binds to protein kinase Raf in primary cultures of astrocytes.

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Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (2)
Targeted (1) 1 citation

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

AW495444 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:181280

UniSTS:224356 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:224356

D10Mit157.2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:126061

Araf (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:259511

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables AMP-activated protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA-dependent protein kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables MAP kinase kinase kinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables MAP kinase kinase kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables MAP kinase kinase kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AS1 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AS121 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AT120 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2AXS139 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2BS14 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H2BS36 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S10 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S28 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3S57 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T11 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T3 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T45 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H3T6 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone H4S1 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein serine kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in MAPK cascade	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in MAPK cascade	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in chromatin remodeling	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of TOR signaling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of TOR signaling	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in cytosol	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in mitochondrion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf

Names: A-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase; proto-oncogene A-Raf; raf-related oncogene; v-raf murine sarcoma 3611 viral oncogene homolog 1

NP_001153117.1

EC 2.7.11.1

NP_033833.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_006527619.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_006527620.1

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_011245731.2

EC 2.7.11.1

XP_030107064.1

EC 2.7.11.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001159645.1 → NP_001153117.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001153117.1

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice pattern in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has a substantially shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AK039044, BB117083, BB857915

Consensus CDS

CCDS53016.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B1AUN8, Q8CAD1

Related

ENSMUSP00000112513.2, ENSMUST00000120356.8

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd17133
Location:19 → 91

RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF

pfam00130
Location:99 → 144

C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)
NM_009703.2 → NP_033833.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform 1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_033833.1

Status: VALIDATED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).

Source sequence(s)

AA960102, AK085823, BB857915

Consensus CDS

CCDS40886.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B1AUN9, P04627, Q99J44, Q9CTT5, Q9D6R6, Q9DBU7

Related

ENSMUSP00000001155.5, ENSMUST00000001155.11

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd17133
Location:19 → 91

RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF

pfam00130
Location:99 → 144

C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)

cl21453
Location:307 → 571

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000086.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

20663946..20726760

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_011247429.3 → XP_011245731.2 serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd17133
Location:89 → 161

RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF

pfam00130
Location:169 → 214

C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)

cl21453
Location:377 → 641

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
XM_006527557.4 → XP_006527620.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006527620.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B1AUN9, P04627, Q99J44, Q9CTT5, Q9D6R6, Q9DBU7

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd17133
Location:19 → 91

RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF

pfam00130
Location:99 → 144

C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)

cl21453
Location:307 → 571

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
XM_006527556.4 → XP_006527619.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006527619.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B1AUN9, P04627, Q99J44, Q9CTT5, Q9D6R6, Q9DBU7

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd17133
Location:19 → 91

RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF

pfam00130
Location:99 → 144

C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)

cl21453
Location:307 → 571

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
XM_030251204.1 → XP_030107064.1 serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X2

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B1AUN9, P04627, Q99J44, Q9CTT5, Q9D6R6, Q9DBU7

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd17133
Location:19 → 91

RBD_ARAF; Ras-binding domain (RBD) found in serine/threonine-protein kinase ARAF

pfam00130
Location:99 → 144

C1_1; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain)

cl21453
Location:307 → 571

PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain