PAEP progestagen associated endometrial protein [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: PAEPprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: progestagen associated endometrial proteinprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:8573
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000122133 MIM:173310; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8573
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: GD; GdA; GdF; GdS; PEP; PAEG; PP14; ZIF-1
Summary: This gene is a member of the kernel lipocalin superfamily whose members share relatively low sequence similarity but have highly conserved exon/intron structure and three-dimensional protein folding. Most lipocalins are clustered on the long arm of chromosome 9. The encoded glycoprotein has been previously referred to as pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-2-globulin, placental protein 14, and glycodelin, but has been officially named progestagen-associated endometrial protein. Three distinct forms, with identical protein backbones but different glycosylation profiles, are found in amniotic fluid, follicular fluid and seminal plasma of the reproductive system. These glycoproteins have distinct and essential roles in regulating a uterine environment suitable for pregnancy and in the timing and occurrence of the appropriate sequence of events in the fertilization process. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]
Expression: Restricted expression toward endometrium (RPKM 125.9) See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 9q34.3

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	9	NC_000009.12 (135561756..135566955)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	9	NC_060933.1 (147789564..147794795)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	9	NC_000009.11 (138453602..138458801)

Chromosome 9 - NC_000009.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Pregnancy Zone Protein (PZP) is significantly upregulated in the decidua of recurrent and spontaneous miscarriage and negatively correlated to Glycodelin A (GdA).
Title: Pregnancy Zone Protein (PZP) is significantly upregulated in the decidua of recurrent and spontaneous miscarriage and negatively correlated to Glycodelin A (GdA).
Glycodelin is internalized by peripheral monocytes.
Title: Glycodelin is internalized by peripheral monocytes.
Glycodelin regulates the numbers and function of peripheral natural killer cells.
Title: Glycodelin regulates the numbers and function of peripheral natural killer cells.
Altered glycosylation of glycodelin in endometrial carcinoma.
Title: Altered glycosylation of glycodelin in endometrial carcinoma.
the findings of this study provide evidence that inhibiting these targets affects the expression of glycodelin and its immunosuppressive effect in nonsmall cell lung cancer tumours. Moreover, understanding the regulation of glycodelin expression may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches with which to weaken the immune system defence of NSCLC tumours in the future
Title: Pathways regulating the expression of the immunomodulatory protein glycodelin in non‑small cell lung cancer.
serum levels higher in preeclamptic group as compared to controls and higher in severe than in mild preeclampsia
Title: Maternal serum glycodelin levels in preeclampsia and its relationship with the severity of the disease.
This study indicate that GdA is a complex glycoprotein including up to 6 different glycoforms specifically expressed during the different phase of the menstrual cycle; in pathologic conditions such as endometriosis, the expression profile is altered possibly related to the impaired endometrial receptivity.
Title: Dysregulation of GdA Expression in Endometrium of Women With Endometriosis: Implication for Endometrial Receptivity.
The results from the present study suggested that PP14 may be a novel potential biomarker for PPROM, and may be developed into a lateral flow assay for bedside application to rapidly diagnose PPROM.
Title: Placental protein 14 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes.
PKCdelta, via MAPK pathway, is involved in the glycodelin-driven cell differentiation.
Title: Repressed PKCδ activation in glycodelin-expressing cells mediates resistance to phorbol ester and TGFβ.
inverse relationship between glycodelin immunostaining and cervical intraephitelial neoplasia grade in pregnant patients
Title: Glycodelin expression in pregnant patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a case-control study.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (88)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride (3HP) modified glycodelin GdA and GdS proteins inhibit HIV-1 gp120-CD4 binding and induce anti-HIV activity	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

D10S275 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:147992

D8S2279 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473907

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:486212

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:482405

WI-18065 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:11171

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:481248

G06418 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:57827

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables small molecule binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of sperm capacitation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of binding of sperm to zona pellucida	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glycodelin

Names: PEG; PP14 protein (placental protein 14); alpha uterine protein; glycodelin-A; glycodelin-F; glycodelin-S; placental protein 14; pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-2 globulin; progestagen-associated endometrial protein (placental protein 14, pregnancy-associated endometrial a; progesterone-associated endometrial protein; zona-binding inhibitory factor-1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001018048.2 → NP_001018058.1 glycodelin isoform 2 precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate, in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2 which is shorter than isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AK304657, AL050169, AL354761, DC421713

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B4E3C0

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00061
Location:32 → 153

Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family
NM_001018049.3 → NP_001018059.1 glycodelin isoform 1 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001018059.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.

Source sequence(s)

AK309983, AL050169, AL354761, BC113728, M61886

Consensus CDS

CCDS35173.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P09466, Q5T6T1, Q9UG92

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R4F9

Related

ENSP00000277508.5, ENST00000277508.9

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00061
Location:34 → 175

Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family
NM_002571.4 → NP_002562.2 glycodelin isoform 1 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002562.2

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate, in-frame splice site in the 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. It encodes the same protein as variant 1.

Source sequence(s)

AK311813, AL050169, AL354761, J04129

Consensus CDS

CCDS35173.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P09466, Q5T6T1, Q9UG92

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

B2R4F9

Related

ENSP00000417898.1, ENST00000479141.6

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00061
Location:34 → 175

Lipocalin; Lipocalin / cytosolic fatty-acid binding protein family