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    GRM2 glutamate metabotropic receptor 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 2912, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    GRM2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    glutamate metabotropic receptor 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4594
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000164082 MIM:604099; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4594
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    GLUR2; mGlu2; GPRC1B; MGLUR2
    Summary
    L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8. Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist selectivities. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017]
    Expression
    Biased expression in testis (RPKM 2.8), brain (RPKM 2.2) and 4 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See GRM2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    3p21.2
    Exon count:
    7
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (51707068..51718613)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (51738578..51751605)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (51741084..51752629)

    Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene RAD54 like 2 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124906237 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14416 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:51712641-51713399 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 14417 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:51721007-51721622 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:51724855-51725678 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:51725679-51726501 Neighboring gene testis expressed 264, ER-phagy receptor Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:51737956-51738824 Neighboring gene RNA, 5S ribosomal pseudogene 132 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:51750466-51751323 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:51776905-51777405 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105377087 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:51835876-51836627 Neighboring gene IQ motif containing F6 Neighboring gene IQ motif containing F4, pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables G protein-coupled receptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables calcium channel regulator activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables glutamate receptor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables scaffold protein binding ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in behavioral response to nicotine IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in cellular response to stress IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in chemical synaptic transmission TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in gene expression IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in glutamate secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in intracellular glutamate homeostasis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in long-term synaptic depression IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of dopamine secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of glutamate secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of response to drug IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in response to cocaine IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in astrocyte projection ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    located_in axon ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    located_in dendrite IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in glutamatergic synapse IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in postsynaptic membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in presynaptic membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    metabotropic glutamate receptor 2
    Names
    glutamate receptor homolog
    glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000839.5NP_000830.2  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000830.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (a).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC099050, AK315816, BC041447, DA528713
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2834.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B0M0K7, Q14416, Q14CU5, Q52MC6, Q9H3N6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K1R9, B0AZM5
      Related
      ENSP00000378492.3, ENST00000395052.8
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd06375
      Location:30480
      PBP1_mGluR_groupII; Ligand binding domain of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor
      pfam00003
      Location:579816
      7tm_3; 7 transmembrane sweet-taste receptor of 3 GCPR
      pfam01094
      Location:60456
      ANF_receptor; Receptor family ligand binding region
      pfam07562
      Location:498545
      NCD3G; Nine Cysteines Domain of family 3 GPCR
    2. NM_001349116.2NP_001336045.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform c

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (c) is shorter at the N-terminus compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC099050
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q86YG3
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      pfam07562
      Location:120168
      NCD3G; Nine Cysteines Domain of family 3 GPCR
      cd14964
      Location:189213
      7tm_GPCRs; TM helix 1 [structural motif]
      cl10011
      Location:1102
      Periplasmic_Binding_Protein_Type_1; Type 1 periplasmic binding fold superfamily
      cl28897
      Location:188441
      7tm_GPCRs; seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily
    3. NM_001349117.2NP_001336046.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform d

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) contains an alternate internal exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (d) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus compared to isoform a.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC099050, AK313056, BC041447, DA528713
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q86YG3
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      pfam07562
      Location:99149
      NCD3G; Nine Cysteines Domain of family 3 GPCR
      cd14964
      Location:169194
      7tm_GPCRs; TM helix 1 [structural motif]
      cl10011
      Location:2983
      Periplasmic_Binding_Protein_type1; Type 1 periplasmic binding fold superfamily
      cl28897
      Location:169422
      7tm_GPCRs; seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily

    RNA

    1. NR_146059.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks two alternate exons compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the predicted protein does not meet RefSeq quality criteria.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC099050, BC041447, DA528713
      Related
      ENST00000475478.5

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      51707068..51718613
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011533636.2XP_011531938.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X3

      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam00003
      Location:397634
      7tm_3; 7 transmembrane sweet-taste receptor of 3 GCPR
      pfam07562
      Location:316363
      NCD3G; Nine Cysteines Domain of family 3 GPCR
      cl10011
      Location:30298
      Periplasmic_Binding_Protein_Type_1; Type 1 periplasmic binding fold superfamily
    2. XM_017006271.2XP_016861760.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B0M0K7, Q14416, Q14CU5, Q52MC6, Q9H3N6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K1R9, B0AZM5
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      cd06375
      Location:30480
      PBP1_mGluR_groupII; Ligand binding domain of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor
      pfam00003
      Location:579816
      7tm_3; 7 transmembrane sweet-taste receptor of 3 GCPR
      pfam01094
      Location:60456
      ANF_receptor; Receptor family ligand binding region
      pfam07562
      Location:498545
      NCD3G; Nine Cysteines Domain of family 3 GPCR
    3. XM_047448047.1XP_047304003.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K1R9, B0AZM5
    4. XM_011533642.2XP_011531944.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X5

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd06375
      Location:30470
      PBP1_mGluR_groupII; Ligand binding domain of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor
      pfam01094
      Location:60456
      ANF_receptor; Receptor family ligand binding region
    5. XM_024453490.2XP_024309258.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X7

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      H7BXL3
      Related
      ENSP00000296479.5, ENST00000296479.9
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl10011
      Location:30429
      Periplasmic_Binding_Protein_Type_1; Type 1 periplasmic binding fold superfamily
    6. XM_047448051.1XP_047304007.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X4

    7. XM_047448048.1XP_047304004.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X4

    8. XM_047448049.1XP_047304005.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X4

    9. XM_047448050.1XP_047304006.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X4

    10. XM_011533637.2XP_011531939.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X4

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011531939.1

      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      pfam00003
      Location:385622
      7tm_3; 7 transmembrane sweet-taste receptor of 3 GCPR
      pfam01094
      Location:1262
      ANF_receptor; Receptor family ligand binding region
      pfam07562
      Location:304351
      NCD3G; Nine Cysteines Domain of family 3 GPCR
      cl10011
      Location:1286
      Periplasmic_Binding_Protein_Type_1; Type 1 periplasmic binding fold superfamily
    11. XM_011533643.2XP_011531945.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X6

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00003
      Location:147384
      7tm_3; 7 transmembrane sweet-taste receptor of 3 GCPR
      pfam07562
      Location:69113
      NCD3G; Nine Cysteines Domain of family 3 GPCR

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      51738578..51751605
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054346368.1XP_054202343.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K1R9, B0AZM5
    2. XM_054346369.1XP_054202344.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X3

    3. XM_054346367.1XP_054202342.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B0M0K7, Q14416, Q14CU5, Q52MC6, Q9H3N6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K1R9, B0AZM5
    4. XM_054346375.1XP_054202350.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X5

    5. XM_054346377.1XP_054202352.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X7

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      H7BXL3
    6. XM_054346374.1XP_054202349.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X4

    7. XM_054346371.1XP_054202346.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X4

    8. XM_054346372.1XP_054202347.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X4

    9. XM_054346373.1XP_054202348.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X4

    10. XM_054346370.1XP_054202345.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X4

    11. XM_054346376.1XP_054202351.1  metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 isoform X6