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    PRL prolactin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 5617, updated on 3-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    PRLprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    prolactinprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:9445
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000172179 MIM:176760; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9445
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    GHA1
    Summary
    This gene encodes the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin. This secreted hormone is a growth regulator for many tissues, including cells of the immune system. It may also play a role in cell survival by suppressing apoptosis, and it is essential for lactation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
    Expression
    Biased expression in placenta (RPKM 13.9) and endometrium (RPKM 5.4) See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See PRL in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    6p22.3
    Exon count:
    7
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 6 NC_000006.12 (22287246..22302835, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 6 NC_060930.1 (22159710..22175312, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 6 NC_000006.11 (22287475..22303064, complement)

    Chromosome 6 - NC_000006.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901275 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:22221433-22222281 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:22223143-22223644 Neighboring gene NGRN pseudogene 4 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:22313984-22314538 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105374971 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr6:22441843-22443042 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr6:22443327-22443827 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak5731 silencer Neighboring gene HDGF like 1 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105374973 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 3005

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide association identifies three new susceptibility loci for Paget's disease of bone.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide joint meta-analysis of SNP and SNP-by-smoking interaction identifies novel loci for pulmonary function.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Vif vif HIV-1 Vif downregulates the expression of prolactin (PRL) in Vif-expression T cells PubMed
    nucleocapsid gag HIV-1 NC upregulates prolactin in HEK 293T cells PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables hormone activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables prolactin receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in endosome lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    prolactin
    Names
    decidual prolactin
    growth hormone A1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029819.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      10818..20608
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000948.6NP_000939.1  prolactin precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000939.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC015850, CD106243
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4548.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P01236, Q15199, Q92996
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6XMH3, E9PF72, Q5THQ0
      Related
      ENSP00000302150.1, ENST00000306482.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd10288
      Location:29227
      prolactin_like; Prolactin (PRL or PRL1), chorionic somatomammotropin, and related pituitary gland hormones
    2. NM_001163558.3NP_001157030.1  prolactin precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001157030.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1 and 2 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      CD106243, GQ305133
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS4548.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P01236, Q15199, Q92996
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6XMH3, E9PF72, Q5THQ0
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd10288
      Location:29227
      prolactin_like; Prolactin (PRL or PRL1), chorionic somatomammotropin, and related pituitary gland hormones

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000006.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      22287246..22302835 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011514753.3XP_011513055.1  prolactin isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011513055.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6XMH3, E9PF72, Q5I0G2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd10288
      Location:30228
      prolactin_like; Prolactin (PRL or PRL1), chorionic somatomammotropin, and related pituitary gland hormones
    2. XM_047419075.1XP_047275031.1  prolactin isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6XMH3, E9PF72, Q5I0G2
      Related
      ENSP00000480195.1, ENST00000617911.4
    3. XM_047419076.1XP_047275032.1  prolactin isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P01236, Q15199, Q92996
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6XMH3, E9PF72, Q5THQ0
    4. XM_011514754.3XP_011513056.1  prolactin isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011513056.1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6XMH3, E9PF72, Q5I0G2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd10288
      Location:30228
      prolactin_like; Prolactin (PRL or PRL1), chorionic somatomammotropin, and related pituitary gland hormones

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060930.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      22159710..22175312 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054355929.1XP_054211904.1  prolactin isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6XMH3, E9PF72, Q5I0G2
    2. XM_054355931.1XP_054211906.1  prolactin isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6XMH3, E9PF72, Q5I0G2
    3. XM_054355932.1XP_054211907.1  prolactin isoform X2

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P01236, Q15199, Q92996
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6XMH3, E9PF72, Q5THQ0
    4. XM_054355930.1XP_054211905.1  prolactin isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6XMH3, E9PF72, Q5I0G2