sns sticks and stones [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: snsprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: sticks and stonesprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0024189
Locus tag: Dmel_CG33141
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0024189
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: 43-49; CG12495; CG13752; CG13753; CG13754; CG13755; CG18464; CG2385; CG33141; CG8278; CT33230; CT33232; Dmel\CG33141; rost; Sns; SnS; SNS; sns20
Summary: Enables cell adhesion mediator activity. Involved in several processes, including garland nephrocyte differentiation; heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules; and homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules. Located in nephrocyte diaphragm and plasma membrane. Is active in apical plasma membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including adult head; muscle cell; myoblast; nephrocyte; and sensory organ cell. Used to study kidney disease; nephrotic syndrome; and nephrotic syndrome type 1. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in nephrotic syndrome type 1. Orthologous to human NPHS1 (NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 44F1-44F1; 2-59 cM

Exon count:: 22

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	2R	NT_033778.4 (8798489..8856091)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	2R	NT_033778.3 (4685994..4743596)

Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

the roles of Rst, Hbs, Kirre and SNS in the spacing of bristles of the anterior wing margin, are explored.
Title: The Cell Adhesion Molecules Roughest, Hibris, Kin of Irre and Sticks and Stones Are Required for Long Range Spacing of the Drosophila Wing Disc Sensory Sensilla.
Dumbfounded and Sticks and Stones are expressed in the genital imaginal disc and in the muscle sheath of the testes during muscle differentiation.
Title: Multinucleated smooth muscles and mononucleated as well as multinucleated striated muscles develop during establishment of the male reproductive organs of Drosophila melanogaster.
Kirre and Sns are co-expressed within binucleate garland cell nephrocytes that contribute to detoxification of hemolymph by uptake of molecules through a slit diaphragm-like nephrocyte diaphragm into labyrinthine channels that are sites of endocytosis.
Title: Sns and Kirre, the Drosophila orthologs of Nephrin and Neph1, direct adhesion, fusion and formation of a slit diaphragm-like structure in insect nephrocytes.
sns and hbs function redundantly in the formation of several muscle precursors, and loss of one copy of sns enhances the myoblast fusion phenotype of hbs mutants
Title: The immunoglobulin superfamily member Hbs functions redundantly with Sns in interactions between founder and fusion-competent myoblasts.
This complexity and redundancy of multiple critical sequences within the SNS cytodomain suggest that it functions through a complex array of interactions that likely includes both phosphotyrosine-binding and SH3-domain-containing proteins.
Title: Analysis of the cell adhesion molecule sticks-and-stones reveals multiple redundant functional domains, protein-interaction motifs and phosphorylated tyrosines that direct myoblast fusion in Drosophila melanogaster.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cell adhesion mediator activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables cell adhesion molecule binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in actin cytoskeleton organization	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell-cell adhesion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in chaeta morphogenesis	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in compound eye morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in garland nephrocyte differentiation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in larval visceral muscle development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in myoblast fusion	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in nephrocyte diaphragm assembly	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in nephrocyte filtration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in spermatid development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in apical plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cell-cell junction	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nephrocyte diaphragm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: sticks and stones

Names: CG33141-PA; CG33141-PB; CG33141-PC; nephrin; sns-PA; sns-PB; sns-PC; stick-and-stones; sticks and stone; sticks-and-stones

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

Range

8798489..8856091

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001043067.2 → NP_001036532.1 sticks and stones, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001036532.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q0E9F2, Q9V4Y0, Q9V4Y1, Q9V4Y2, Q9V4Y3, Q9V4Y4, Q9V4Y5, Q9V4Y6

Conserved Domains (6) summary

cd00096
Location:885 → 960

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

smart00408
Location:692 → 757

IGc2; Immunoglobulin C-2 Type

smart00410
Location:296 → 376

IG_like; Immunoglobulin like

cd00063
Location:967 → 1051

FN3; Fibronectin type 3 domain; One of three types of internal repeats found in the plasma protein fibronectin. Its tenth fibronectin type III repeat contains an RGD cell recognition sequence in a flexible loop between 2 strands. Approximately 2% of all ...

pfam07679
Location:678 → 767

I-set; Immunoglobulin I-set domain

cl11960
Location:197 → 279

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
NM_001299284.1 → NP_001286213.1 sticks and stones, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001286213.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0B4LEH1, Q9V4Y0, Q9V4Y1, Q9V4Y2, Q9V4Y3, Q9V4Y4, Q9V4Y5, Q9V4Y6

Conserved Domains (6) summary

cd00096
Location:885 → 960

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

smart00408
Location:692 → 757

IGc2; Immunoglobulin C-2 Type

smart00410
Location:296 → 376

IG_like; Immunoglobulin like

cd00063
Location:967 → 1051

FN3; Fibronectin type 3 domain; One of three types of internal repeats found in the plasma protein fibronectin. Its tenth fibronectin type III repeat contains an RGD cell recognition sequence in a flexible loop between 2 strands. Approximately 2% of all ...

pfam07679
Location:678 → 767

I-set; Immunoglobulin I-set domain

cl11960
Location:197 → 279

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
NM_176106.2 → NP_788286.1 sticks and stones, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_788286.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A1Z7J1, Q9V4Y0, Q9V4Y1, Q9V4Y2, Q9V4Y3, Q9V4Y4, Q9V4Y5, Q9V4Y6

Related

FBpp0087716

Conserved Domains (6) summary

cd00096
Location:885 → 960

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

smart00408
Location:692 → 757

IGc2; Immunoglobulin C-2 Type

smart00410
Location:296 → 376

IG_like; Immunoglobulin like

cd00063
Location:967 → 1051

FN3; Fibronectin type 3 domain; One of three types of internal repeats found in the plasma protein fibronectin. Its tenth fibronectin type III repeat contains an RGD cell recognition sequence in a flexible loop between 2 strands. Approximately 2% of all ...

pfam07679
Location:678 → 767

I-set; Immunoglobulin I-set domain

cl11960
Location:197 → 279

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain