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    AMH anti-Mullerian hormone [ Bos taurus (domestic cattle) ]

    Gene ID: 280718, updated on 29-Jan-2025

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    AMHprovided by VGNC
    Official Full Name
    anti-Mullerian hormoneprovided by VGNC
    Primary source
    VGNC:VGNC:25864
    See related
    BGD:BT12449; Ensembl:ENSBTAG00000025452
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    PROVISIONAL
    Organism
    Bos taurus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae; Bovinae; Bos
    Orthologs
    human mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See AMH in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 7
    Exon count:
    5
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_12 current ARS-UCD2.0 (GCF_002263795.3) 7 NC_037334.1 (21401483..21404348)

    Chromosome 7 - NC_037334.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene pleckstrin homology domain containing J1 Neighboring gene splicing factor 3a subunit 2 Neighboring gene junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum protein 1 Neighboring gene adaptor related protein complex 3 subunit delta 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_037334.1 Chromosome 7 Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Dominette sequence data
    • BioProject: PRJNA294306
    • Analysis date: Tue Dec 17 08:57:05 2024

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Association between maternal growth in the pre-conception and early gestational period of nulliparous dairy heifers with anti-Müllerian hormone in their female offspring. Thomson EE, et al. Reprod Domest Anim, 2024 Jan. PMID 37902253
    2. Intrafollicular steroids and anti-mullerian hormone during normal and cystic ovarian follicular development in the cow. Monniaux D, et al. Biol Reprod, 2008 Aug. PMID 18448844
    3. Bovine gonadotrophs express anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH): comparison of AMH mRNA and protein expression levels between old Holsteins and young and old Japanese Black females. Kereilwe O, et al. Reprod Fertil Dev, 2019 Apr. PMID 30554590
    4. Testosterone-induced downregulation of anti-Müllerian hormone expression in granulosa cells from small bovine follicles. Crisosto N, et al. Endocrine, 2009 Oct. PMID 19714502
    5. Anti-Müllerian hormone inhibits activation and growth of bovine ovarian follicles in vitro and is localized to growing follicles. Yang MY, et al. Mol Hum Reprod, 2017 May 1. PMID 28333275, Free PMC Article

    See all (18) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Anti-Mullerian hormone: A novel biomarker for detecting bovine freemartinism.
      Title: Anti-Müllerian hormone: A novel biomarker for detecting bovine freemartinism.
    2. Association between maternal growth in the pre-conception and early gestational period of nulliparous dairy heifers with anti-Mullerian hormone in their female offspring.
      Title: Association between maternal growth in the pre-conception and early gestational period of nulliparous dairy heifers with anti-Müllerian hormone in their female offspring.
    3. Anti-Mullerian hormone and its receptor are detected in most gonadotropin-releasing-hormone cell bodies and fibers in heifer brains.
      Title: Anti-Müllerian hormone and its receptor are detected in most gonadotropin-releasing-hormone cell bodies and fibers in heifer brains.
    4. bovine gonadotrophs express AMH and this AMH expression may be breed-dependent.
      Title: Bovine gonadotrophs express anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH): comparison of AMH mRNA and protein expression levels between old Holsteins and young and old Japanese Black females.
    5. Anti-Mullerian hormone inhibits activation and growth of bovine ovarian follicles in vitro and is localized to growing follicles.
      Title: Anti-Müllerian hormone inhibits activation and growth of bovine ovarian follicles in vitro and is localized to growing follicles.
    6. This study showed that antral follicle counts (AFC) and AMH levels were repeatable when determined at an unknown stage of follicular growth and expected day of follicular wave emergence, but repeatability was greater for AMH than AFC.
      Title: Repeatability of antral follicle counts and anti-Müllerian hormone and their associations determined at an unknown stage of follicular growth and an expected day of follicular wave emergence in dairy cows.
    7. The effects of castration and other surgical intervention on the blood levels of anti-Muellerian hormone, inhibin A, gonadotropins, and gonadotropin receptors in bull calves are reported.
      Title: Anti-Muellerian hormone, inhibin A, gonadotropins, and gonadotropin receptors in bull calves after partial scrotal resection, orchidectomy, and Burdizzo castration.
    8. Results from these studies indicate that AMH signaling plays a role in both regulating granulosa cell proliferation and preventing granulosa cells from 5- to 8-mm follicles from undergoing premature differentiation before follicle selection.
      Title: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) receptor type II expression and AMH activity in bovine granulosa cells.
    9. These findings indicate the followings: AMH mRNA levels decrease in both dominant and secondary follicles during follicular deviation; granulosa cells from heathy follicles express more AMH mRNA compared to subordinate follicles undergoing atresia and FSH stimulates AMH and AMHR2 mRNA expression in granulosa cells of co-dominant follicles.
      Title: Regulation of Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Its Receptor Expression around Follicle Deviation in Cattle.
    10. Measurement of AMH concentration in the plasma of cows can help to predict their capacity for embryo production in response to gonadotrophin treatment.
      Title: Determination of anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in blood as a tool to select Holstein donor cows for embryo production: from the laboratory to the farm.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (14)

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by RefSeq

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables growth factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in Mullerian duct regression IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in gonad development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    muellerian-inhibiting factor
    Names
    MIS
    anti-Muellerian hormone
    muellerian-inhibiting substance

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_173890.1 → NP_776315.1  muellerian-inhibiting factor precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_776315.1

      Status: PROVISIONAL

      Source sequence(s)
      M13151
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P03972
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F1MZL1
      Related
      ENSBTAP00070004298.1, ENSBTAT00070007271.1
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00204
      Location:477 → 575
      TGFB; Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family
      pfam04709
      Location:91 → 457
      AMH_N; Anti-Mullerian hormone, N terminal region

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_002263795.3-RS_2024_12

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_037334.1 Reference ARS-UCD2.0 Primary Assembly

      Range
      21401483..21404348
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P03972.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P03972

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials