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    Trl Trithorax-like [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 2768981, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Trlprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    Trithorax-likeprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0013263
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG33261
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0013263
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    Adf-2; Adf-2-519; Adf2; anon-EST:fe2E12; CG33261; CG9343; Dmel\CG33261; E(var)3-trl; E(var)62; gaf; Gaf; GAF; gaga; Gaga; GAGA; GAGA factor; l(3)s2325; LBC; Nc70F; NC70F; TfGAGA/Adf-2; trithorax-like; trl; TRL; Trl-GAGA; Try
    Summary
    Enables several functions, including DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; POZ domain binding activity; and protein dimerization activity. Involved in several processes, including amyloid fibril formation; regulation of gene expression; and syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle. Located in chromosome and nucleus. Part of protein-containing complex. Is expressed in several structures, including embryonic/larval midgut primordium; eye photoreceptor cell; ganglia; gut section; and visceral mesoderm derivative. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
    all
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    Genomic context

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    See Trl in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    70F4-70F4; 3-42 cM
    Exon count:
    10
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 3L NT_037436.4 (14747929..14761049, complement)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 3L NT_037436.3 (14741029..14754149, complement)

    Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene omega Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene tRNA splicing endonuclease subunit 34 Neighboring gene alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase a Neighboring gene alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase b

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Vertebrate GAF/ThPOK: emerging functions in chromatin architecture and transcriptional regulation. Srivastava A, et al. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2018 Feb. PMID 28856379, Free PMC Article
    2. GAGA can mediate enhancer function in trans by linking two separate DNA molecules. Mahmoudi T, et al. EMBO J, 2002 Apr 2. PMID 11927561, Free PMC Article
    3. GAGA protein is essential for male germ cell development in Drosophila. Dorogova NV, et al. Genesis, 2014 Aug. PMID 24817547
    4. [The effect of some mutations in the Trl gene on mitosis in embryonal and larval tissues and egg chamber morphology in Drosophila melanogaster]. Trunova SA, et al. Genetika, 2001 Dec. PMID 11785286
    5. Functional mapping of the GAGA factor assigns its transcriptional activity to the C-terminal glutamine-rich domain. Vaquero A, et al. J Biol Chem, 2000 Jun 30. PMID 10764754

    See all (558) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The misregulation of mitochondria-associated genes caused by GAGA-factor lack promotes autophagic germ cell death in Drosophila testes.
      Title: The misregulation of mitochondria-associated genes caused by GAGA-factor lack promotes autophagic germ cell death in Drosophila testes.
    2. Localization of the Drosophila pioneer factor GAF to subnuclear foci is driven by DNA binding and required to silence satellite repeat expression.
      Title: Localization of the Drosophila pioneer factor GAF to subnuclear foci is driven by DNA binding and required to silence satellite repeat expression.
    3. GAGA-associated factor fosters loop formation in the Drosophila genome.
      Title: GAGA-associated factor fosters loop formation in the Drosophila genome.
    4. The complex role of transcription factor GAGA in germline death during Drosophila spermatogenesis: transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses.
      Title: The complex role of transcription factor GAGA in germline death during Drosophila spermatogenesis: transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses.
    5. GAF is essential for zygotic genome activation and chromatin accessibility in the early Drosophila embryo.
      Title: GAF is essential for zygotic genome activation and chromatin accessibility in the early Drosophila embryo.
    6. Pioneer-like factor GAF cooperates with PBAP (SWI/SNF) and NURF (ISWI) to regulate transcription.
      Title: Pioneer-like factor GAF cooperates with PBAP (SWI/SNF) and NURF (ISWI) to regulate transcription.
    7. while the Su(Hw) protein remains stably associated with the promoters of these genes at different transcriptional state, the GAF protein level is significantly higher when transcription is activated.
      Title: Activation of Su(Hw)-Controlled Genes Is Associated with Increase in GAF Binding.
    8. GAGA protein regulates oogenesis and female fertility in Drosophila.
      Title: GAGA protein is required for multiple aspects of Drosophila oogenesis and female fertility.
    9. GAF (Vfl) as an additional factor in regulation of early developmental genes.
      Title: Genome-wide search for Zelda-like chromatin signatures identifies GAF as a pioneer factor in early fly development.
    10. GAF interactions with a small subset of partners is direct; however for many others the interactions could be indirect, and depend upon intermediates that serve to diversify the functional capabilities of the GAF protein
      Title: The GAGA factor regulatory network: Identification of GAGA factor associated proteins.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (30)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables POZ domain binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables POZ domain binding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables RNA polymerase II general transcription initiation factor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables chromatin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables identical protein binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein heterodimerization activity IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein homodimerization activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables zinc ion binding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in amyloid fibril formation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in chromatin organization NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in chromatin remodeling IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in chromatin remodeling IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in heterochromatin formation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in maternal-to-zygotic transition of gene expression IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in nuclear division IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in nucleosome organization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in nucleosome organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in oogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to ecdysone IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in sex-chromosome dosage compensation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in spermatogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in euchromatin IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in pericentric heterochromatin IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in pericentric heterochromatin TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in polytene chromosome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of protein-containing complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    Trithorax-like
    Names
    Adh transcription factor 2
    CG33261-PA
    CG33261-PB
    CG33261-PC
    CG33261-PD
    CG33261-PE
    CG33261-PF
    CG33261-PH
    CG33261-PI
    CG33261-PJ
    CG33261-PK
    GAGA element
    GAGA factor
    GAGA transcription factor
    GAGA-factor
    Trithorax-related
    Trithroax-like
    Trl-PA
    Trl-PB
    Trl-PC
    Trl-PD
    Trl-PE
    Trl-PF
    Trl-PH
    Trl-PI
    Trl-PJ
    Trl-PK
    anon-fast-evolving-2E12
    late boundary complex
    neural conserved at 70F
    transcription-factor-Adh2
    trithorax like
    trithorax-like

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      14747929..14761049 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001038926.2 → NP_001034015.1  Trithorax-like, isoform I [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001034015.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      I1V4Z2, Q2PDY2
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam09237
      Location:319 → 372
      GAGA; GAGA factor
      smart00225
      Location:35 → 118
      BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
      pfam00651
      Location:27 → 117
      BTB; BTB/POZ domain

    2. NM_206356.3 → NP_996078.1  Trithorax-like, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996078.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A4V1Y7, I1V4Z1
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam09237
      Location:319 → 372
      GAGA; GAGA factor
      smart00225
      Location:35 → 118
      BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
      pfam00651
      Location:27 → 117
      BTB; BTB/POZ domain

    3. NM_001038924.4 → NP_001034013.2  Trithorax-like, isoform J [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001034013.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      I1V4Z2, Q2PDY1
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam09237
      Location:319 → 372
      GAGA; GAGA factor
      smart00225
      Location:35 → 118
      BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
      pfam00651
      Location:27 → 117
      BTB; BTB/POZ domain

    4. NM_001274917.1 → NP_001261846.1  Trithorax-like, isoform K [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261846.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O18349, O18350, O18526, Q08083, Q08605, Q7JN57, Q8MYL3, Q8T387, Q9V3X7, Q9VUH2
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      M9PFM7
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam09237
      Location:319 → 372
      GAGA; GAGA factor
      smart00225
      Location:35 → 118
      BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
      pfam00651
      Location:27 → 117
      BTB; BTB/POZ domain

    5. NM_206357.3 → NP_996079.1  Trithorax-like, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996079.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A4V1Y7, I1V4Z1
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam09237
      Location:319 → 372
      GAGA; GAGA factor
      smart00225
      Location:35 → 118
      BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
      pfam00651
      Location:27 → 117
      BTB; BTB/POZ domain

    6. NM_206358.4 → NP_996080.1  Trithorax-like, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996080.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O18349, O18350, O18526, Q08083, Q08605, Q7JN57, Q8MYL3, Q8T387, Q9V3X7, Q9VUH2
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A4V1Y6
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam09237
      Location:319 → 372
      GAGA; GAGA factor
      smart00225
      Location:35 → 118
      BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
      pfam00651
      Location:27 → 117
      BTB; BTB/POZ domain

    7. NM_206360.1 → NP_996082.1  Trithorax-like, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996082.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O18349, O18350, O18526, Q08083, Q08605, Q7JN57, Q8MYL3, Q8T387, Q9V3X7, Q9VUH2
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A4V1Y6
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam09237
      Location:319 → 372
      GAGA; GAGA factor
      smart00225
      Location:35 → 118
      BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
      pfam00651
      Location:27 → 117
      BTB; BTB/POZ domain

    8. NM_001038925.3 → NP_001034014.1  Trithorax-like, isoform H [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001034014.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A4V1Y7, I1V4Z1
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam09237
      Location:319 → 372
      GAGA; GAGA factor
      smart00225
      Location:35 → 118
      BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
      pfam00651
      Location:27 → 117
      BTB; BTB/POZ domain

    9. NM_206355.4 → NP_996077.1  Trithorax-like, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996077.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A4V1Y7, I1V4Z1
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam09237
      Location:319 → 372
      GAGA; GAGA factor
      smart00225
      Location:35 → 118
      BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
      pfam00651
      Location:27 → 117
      BTB; BTB/POZ domain

    10. NM_206359.4 → NP_996081.1  Trithorax-like, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_996081.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A4V1Y7, I1V4Z1
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      pfam09237
      Location:319 → 372
      GAGA; GAGA factor
      smart00225
      Location:35 → 118
      BTB; Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac
      pfam00651
      Location:27 → 117
      BTB; BTB/POZ domain
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    A4V1Y6 A4V1Y6
    A4V1Y7 A4V1Y7
    M9PFM7 M9PFM7
    Q08605.2 Q08605
    Q2PDY1 Q2PDY1
    Q2PDY2 Q2PDY2
    Q8MYL2 Q8MYL2

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