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    par-1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1;non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase [ Caenorhabditis elegans ]

    Gene ID: 179912, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    par-1
    Official Full Name
    Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1;non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
    Primary source
    WormBase:WBGene00003916
    Locus tag
    CELE_H39E23.1
    See related
    AllianceGenome:WB:WBGene00003916
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Caenorhabditis elegans (strain: Bristol N2)
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Nematoda; Chromadorea; Rhabditida; Rhabditina; Rhabditomorpha; Rhabditoidea; Rhabditidae; Peloderinae; Caenorhabditis
    Summary
    Enables myosin II tail binding activity; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; and ubiquitin protein ligase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including asymmetric neuroblast division; asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination; and vulval development. Located in P granule and cell cortex. Is expressed in several structures, including P0; Psub1; germ line; nervous system; and oocyte. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in visual impairment and progressive phthisis bulbi. Orthologous to several human genes including MARK1 (microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
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    Genomic context

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    See par-1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: V
    Exon count:
    24
    Sequence:
    Chromosome: V; NC_003283.11 (14112033..14145367, complement)

    Chromosome V - NC_003283.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Filaggrin-like Neighboring gene Neurofilament heavy polypeptide-like Neighboring gene DUF19 domain-containing protein Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene Ovule protein Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene fatty Acid CoA Synthetase family Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene ncRNA

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Genomic Sequence:
    NC_003283.11

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Genomic organization and expression analysis for hcstk, a serine/threonine protein kinase gene of Haemonchus contortus, and comparison with Caenorhabditis elegans par-1. Nikolaou S, et al. Gene, 2004 Dec 22. PMID 15588586
    2. Regulation of Cell Polarity by PAR-1/MARK Kinase. Wu Y, et al. Curr Top Dev Biol, 2017. PMID 28236972, Free PMC Article
    3. High-Temporal-Resolution smFISH Method for Gene Expression Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans Embryos. Charles S, et al. Anal Chem, 2021 Jan 26. PMID 33355449, Free PMC Article
    4. Determination of cell division axes in the early embryogenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans. Hyman AA, et al. J Cell Biol, 1987 Nov. PMID 3680373, Free PMC Article
    5. Genes affecting early development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Hirsh D, et al. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 1985. PMID 3868503

    See all (189) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Inhibition of PAR-1 delays aging via activating AMPK in C. elegans.
      Title: Inhibition of PAR-1 delays aging via activating AMPK in C. elegans.
    2. asymmetric localization of PAR-1 protein is not essential, and that PAR-1 kinase activity is regulated spatially in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes
      Title: Spatial regulation of the polarity kinase PAR-1 by parallel inhibitory mechanisms.
    3. a circuit consisting of aPKC and the PRBH-domain protein ensures the local recruitment of PAR-1 to a well-defined cortical compartment
      Title: Establishment of the PAR-1 cortical gradient by the aPKC-PRBH circuit.
    4. Phosphorylation of FEZ1 by par-1 regulates its function in presynaptic protein trafficking.
      Title: Phosphorylation of FEZ1 by Microtubule Affinity Regulating Kinases regulates its function in presynaptic protein trafficking.
    5. Results indicate that PAR-5 protein acts in a mechanism with PAR-1 protein to regulate LET-99 protein cortical localization.
      Title: The 14-3-3 protein PAR-5 regulates the asymmetric localization of the LET-99 spindle positioning protein.
    6. The par-1 protein is a possible cooperation and involvement in postembryo lethality, developmental timing, as well as SNARE protein trafficking.
      Title: par-1, atypical pkc, and PP2A/B55 sur-6 are implicated in the regulation of exocyst-mediated membrane trafficking in Caenorhabditis elegans.
    7. DNA replication is asymmetrically regulated in the two-cell stage embryo and the PAR-4 and PAR-1 polarity proteins dampen DNA replication dynamics specifically in the posterior blastomere.
      Title: PAR-4/LKB1 regulates DNA replication during asynchronous division of the early C. elegans embryo.
    8. Data indicates that MAP kinase signaling antagonizes PAR-1 signaling during early embryonic polarization.
      Title: MAP kinase signaling antagonizes PAR-1 function during polarization of the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo.
    9. vivo. PAR-1 and PAR-4 kinase activities are required for the phosphorylation of S458, providing a link between PAR polarity proteins and the cytoplasmic asymmetry of MEX-5
      Title: MEX-5 asymmetry in one-cell C. elegans embryos requires PAR-4- and PAR-1-dependent phosphorylation.
    10. The casein kinase 1 gamma CSNK-1 and a PIP(2) synthesis enzyme (PPK-1) transduce PAR polarity to asymmetric Galpha regulation.
      Title: A casein kinase 1 and PAR proteins regulate asymmetry of a PIP(2) synthesis enzyme for asymmetric spindle positioning.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by WormBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables myosin II tail binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables tau-protein kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in asymmetric neuroblast division IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in embryonic pattern specification IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in embryonic pattern specification IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in establishment of cell polarity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in establishment or maintenance of cell polarity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in intracellular signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in vulval development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in P granule IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cell cortex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cell cortex IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in cell periphery IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1;non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase
    NP_001024018.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001024019.1
    • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001041145.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001122967.2
    • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001256559.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001256560.1
    • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001256561.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001256562.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001256563.1
    • Confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001256564.1
    • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001294690.1
    • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001359744.1
    • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence
    NP_001380226.1
    • Partially confirmed by transcript evidence

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_003283.11 Reference assembly

      Range
      14112033..14145367 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001373155.1 → NP_001359744.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      Status: REVIEWED

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14072
      Location:105 → 357
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    2. NM_001028847.4 → NP_001024018.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001024018.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B1Q266, E0AHE2, E0AHE3, E1B6W1, G5EE60, G5EE76, H2L2K6, H2L2K7, N1NTJ6, Q17346, Q17368, Q1ZXR3, Q9TVG6, Q9TW45
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd12196
      Location:1093 → 1190
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:170 → 421
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14072
      Location:169 → 421
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    3. NM_001269631.3 → NP_001256560.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256560.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9TW45
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd12196
      Location:1101 → 1198
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:170 → 421
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14072
      Location:169 → 421
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    4. NM_001028848.4 → NP_001024019.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001024019.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9TW45
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd12196
      Location:997 → 1094
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:122 → 373
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14072
      Location:121 → 373
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    5. NM_001392649.1 → NP_001380226.1  non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A2C9C376
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd14072
      Location:268 → 520
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    6. NM_001307761.3 → NP_001294690.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001294690.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9TW45
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd12196
      Location:1007 → 1104
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:84 → 335
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14072
      Location:83 → 335
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    7. NM_001269630.3 → NP_001256559.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256559.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9TW45
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd12196
      Location:1004 → 1101
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:81 → 332
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14072
      Location:80 → 332
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    8. NM_001047680.4 → NP_001041145.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001041145.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9TW45
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd12196
      Location:963 → 1060
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:40 → 291
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14072
      Location:39 → 291
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    9. NM_001129495.4 → NP_001122967.2  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001122967.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9TW45
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd12196
      Location:1117 → 1214
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:106 → 357
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14072
      Location:105 → 357
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    10. NM_001269632.3 → NP_001256561.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256561.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9TW45
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      cd12196
      Location:942 → 1039
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
      smart00220
      Location:19 → 270
      S_TKc; Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain
      cd14072
      Location:18 → 270
      STKc_MARK; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases

    11. NM_001269633.3 → NP_001256562.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256562.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9TW45
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd12196
      Location:606 → 703
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3

    12. NM_001269634.3 → NP_001256563.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256563.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9TW45
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd12196
      Location:495 → 592
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3

    13. NM_001269635.3 → NP_001256564.1  Serine/threonine-protein kinase par-1 [Caenorhabditis elegans]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001256564.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9TW45
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd12196
      Location:130 → 227
      MARK1-3_C; C-terminal, kinase associated domain 1 (KA1), a phospholipid binding domain, of microtubule affinity-regulating kinases 1-3
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9TW45.1

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