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    TXNRD2 thioredoxin reductase 2 [ Gallus gallus (chicken) ]

    Gene ID: 416782, updated on 3-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    TXNRD2provided by CGNC
    Official Full Name
    thioredoxin reductase 2provided by CGNC
    Primary source
    CGNC:1410
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Gallus gallus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Archelosauria; Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Galloanserae; Galliformes; Phasianidae; Phasianinae; Gallus
    Also known as
    TRX2; TRX-2; thioredoxin-2
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes a mitochondrial form important for scavenging reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. Studies in chicken suggest that this TrxR is essential for cell viability, playing a crucial role in regulating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. It functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017]
    Orthologs
    human mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See TXNRD2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    chromosome: 15
    Exon count:
    17
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    106 current bGalGal1.mat.broiler.GRCg7b (GCF_016699485.2) 15 NC_052546.1 (1019066..1053022, complement)
    106 current bGalGal1.pat.whiteleghornlayer.GRCg7w (GCF_016700215.2) 15 NC_052587.1 (1024607..1058572, complement)

    Chromosome 15 - NC_052546.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC121106879 Neighboring gene T-box 1 Neighboring gene G protein subunit beta 1 like Neighboring gene catechol-O-methyltransferase Neighboring gene armadillo repeat gene deleted in velocardiofacial syndrome Neighboring gene transport and golgi organization 2 homolog Neighboring gene microRNA 1306 Neighboring gene DGCR8, microprocessor complex subunit

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Thioredoxin-2 (TRX-2) is an essential gene regulating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Tanaka T, et al. EMBO J, 2002 Apr 2. PMID 11927553, Free PMC Article
    2. Acetyl-L-carnitine suppresses apoptosis of thioredoxin 2-deficient DT40 cells. Zhu X, et al. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2008 Oct 15. PMID 18713618
    3. Selenoprotein Gene Nomenclature. Gladyshev VN, et al. J Biol Chem, 2016 Nov 11. PMID 27645994, Free PMC Article
    4. ESTs from brain and testis of White Leghorn and red junglefowl: annotation, bioinformatic classification of unknown transcripts and analysis of expression levels. Savolainen P, et al. Cytogenet Genome Res, 2005. PMID 16093725
    5. Chicken genomics resource: sequencing and annotation of 35,407 ESTs from single and multiple tissue cDNA libraries and CAP3 assembly of a chicken gene index. Carre W, et al. Physiol Genomics, 2006 May 16. PMID 16554550

    See all (9) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Trx-2-deficient DT40 cells undergo mitochondrial apoptosis
      Title: Thioredoxin-2 (TRX-2) is an essential gene regulating mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
    2. Thioredoxin-2 (TRX-2) signals caspase-3 and 9, but not caspase-8
      Title: Acetyl-L-carnitine suppresses apoptosis of thioredoxin 2-deficient DT40 cells.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by RefSeq

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables glutathione-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cell redox homeostasis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to oxidative stress IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in glutathione metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytosol IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial
    NP_001116163.2
    NP_001384809.1
    NP_001384810.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001122691.3 → NP_001116163.2  thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial isoform 1 precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      JAENSK010000260
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8V1A5W4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl27343
      Location:29 → 514
      Pyr_redox_dim; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, dimerisation domain

    2. NM_001397880.1 → NP_001384809.1  thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      JAENSK010000260
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8V1A5W4

    3. NM_001397881.1 → NP_001384810.1  thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      JAENSK010000260

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Gallus gallus Annotation Release 106 details...Open this link in a new tab

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference bGalGal1.mat.broiler.GRCg7b Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_052546.1 Reference bGalGal1.mat.broiler.GRCg7b Primary Assembly

      Range
      1019066..1053022 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate bGalGal1.pat.whiteleghornlayer.GRCg7w

    Genomic

    1. NC_052587.1 Alternate bGalGal1.pat.whiteleghornlayer.GRCg7w

      Range
      1024607..1058572 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version

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