Mill2 MHC I like leukocyte 2 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Mill2provided by MGI
Official Full Name: MHC I like leukocyte 2provided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:2179989
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000040987 AllianceGenome:MGI:2179989
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Micb
Summary: Predicted to enable natural killer cell lectin-like receptor binding activity and receptor ligand activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independent; antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class Ib; and positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity. Located in external side of plasma membrane. Orthologous to human MICA (MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A) and MICB (MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Broad expression in bladder adult (RPKM 6.2), lung adult (RPKM 3.8) and 15 other tissues See more
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Genomic context

Location:: 7 A3; 7 9.35 cM

Exon count:: 9

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	7	NC_000073.7 (18573878..18603621)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	7	NC_000073.6 (18839958..18869696)

Chromosome 7 - NC_000073.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

MILL2 has a unique structural architecture and physiological role, with binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on fibroblasts possibly regulating cellular recruitment in biological events.
Title: Structure of MHC class I-like MILL2 reveals heparan-sulfate binding and interdomain flexibility.
Reversal of epigenetic silencing of MICA and MICB improves immune recognition and killing of Merkel cell carcinoma cells.
Title: Reversal of epigenetic silencing of MHC class I chain-related protein A and B improves immune recognition of Merkel cell carcinoma.
Our results suggest a role for the Mill proteins in cellular metabolism, with possible therapeutic significance.
Title: A role for the MHC class I-like Mill molecules in nutrient metabolism and wound healing.
Mill1 and Mill2 genes are predicted to encode membrane glycoproteins with domain organization essentially similar to that of MHC class I heavy chains.
Title: A family of MHC class I-like genes located in the vicinity of the mouse leukocyte receptor complex.
two members of the mouse MILL family, MILL1 and MILL2, are GPI-anchored glycoproteins associated with beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)
Title: MHC class I-like MILL molecules are beta2-microglobulin-associated, GPI-anchored glycoproteins that do not require TAP for cell surface expression.
analysis of functional sites in NKG2D-MICA interaction in mouse and human
Title: The inhibitory effects of synthetic short peptides, mimicking MICA and targeting at NKG2D receptors, on function of NK cells.

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Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Endonuclease-mediated (4)

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables natural killer cell lectin-like receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables receptor ligand activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in immune response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell surface	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in external side of plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in external side of plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: MHC class I-like protein MILL2

Names: MHC class I-like located near the LRC, 2; MHC class I-like located near the leukocyte receptor complex 2; VMHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_153760.2 → NP_715641.1 MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform short precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_715641.1

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC153651

Consensus CDS

CCDS20879.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q8HWE6

Related

ENSMUSP00000072246.7, ENSMUST00000072415.9

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cl08246
Location:36 → 203

MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2

cl11960
Location:215 → 297

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
NM_153761.3 → NP_715642.2 MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform long precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_715642.2

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

AC153651

Consensus CDS

CCDS20880.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q8HWE5, Q8HWE6

Related

ENSMUSP00000072223.5, ENSMUST00000072386.11

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd00096
Location:230 → 237

Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]

cl08246
Location:51 → 218

MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2

cl11960
Location:230 → 312

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Genomic

NC_000073.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

Range

18573878..18603621

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_036153081.1 → XP_036008974.1 MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X5
XM_006539934.5 → XP_006539997.1 MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X3

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cl08246
Location:31 → 115

MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2

cl11960
Location:127 → 209

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
XM_030242560.2 → XP_030098420.1 MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X3

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cl08246
Location:31 → 115

MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2

cl11960
Location:127 → 209

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
XM_006539932.3 → XP_006539995.1 MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006539995.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q8HWE5, Q8HWE6

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd00096
Location:230 → 237

Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]

cl08246
Location:51 → 218

MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2

cl11960
Location:230 → 312

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
XM_017322234.1 → XP_017177723.1 MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q8HWE5, Q8HWE6

Related

ENSMUSP00000154268.2, ENSMUST00000228493.2

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd00096
Location:230 → 237

Ig; Ig strand A [structural motif]

cl08246
Location:51 → 218

MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2

cl11960
Location:230 → 312

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
XM_030242559.1 → XP_030098419.1 MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X2

Related

ENSMUSP00000154222.2, ENSMUST00000227379.2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cl08246
Location:36 → 203

MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2

cl11960
Location:215 → 297

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
XM_006539933.4 → XP_006539996.1 MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006539996.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q8HWE6

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cl08246
Location:36 → 203

MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2

cl11960
Location:215 → 297

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain
XM_017322235.3 → XP_017177724.1 MHC class I-like protein MILL2 isoform X4

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cl08246
Location:6 → 95

MHC_I; Class I Histocompatibility antigen, domains alpha 1 and 2

cl11960
Location:107 → 189

Ig; Immunoglobulin domain