Ctss cathepsin S [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Ctssprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: cathepsin Sprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:621513
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000021157 AllianceGenome:RGD:621513
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: VALIDATED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Enables cysteine-type peptidase activity. Involved in bone resorption and metanephros development. Located in cell surface. Biomarker of intracranial aneurysm. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in neuropathy. Orthologous to human CTSS (cathepsin S). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Nov 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Spleen (RPKM 780.2), Brain (RPKM 595.9) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 2q34

Exon count:: 8

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	2	NC_086020.1 (185775316..185803440)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	2	NC_051337.1 (183086437..183114483)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	2	NC_005101.4 (197655780..197679768)

Chromosome 2 - NC_086020.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

M2 macrophage-derived cathepsin S promotes peripheral nerve regeneration via fibroblast-Schwann cell-signaling relay.
Title: M2 macrophage-derived cathepsin S promotes peripheral nerve regeneration via fibroblast-Schwann cell-signaling relay.
Spinal Cathepsin S promotes visceral hypersensitivity via FKN/CX3CR1/p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
Title: Spinal Cathepsin S promotes visceral hypersensitivity via FKN/CX3CR1/p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
Inhibition of cathepsin S attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis.
Title: Inhibition of cathepsin S attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis.
Knockdown of transglutaminase 2 resulted in a significant increase in cathepsin S expression, which preceded the loss of neuronal viability.
Title: Nuclear transglutaminase 2 directly regulates expression of cathepsin S in rat cortical neurons.
Study shows that a persistent model of inflammatory hypernociception induced by arthritis in the temporomandibular joint elicited protein levels of P2X7 receptors, cathepsin S and fractalkine in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis.
Title: The P2X7 Receptor, Cathepsin S and Fractalkine in the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis Signal Persistent Hypernociception in Temporomandibular Rat Joints.
Findings demonstrate that neuronal reactive oxygen species promote maturation of microglial CatS which facilitates activation of NMDA in the spinal dorsal horn.
Title: Cathepsin S in the spinal microglia contributes to remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in rats.
Data show that LDL-receptor related protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated cardiomyocyte intracellular cholesteryl ester accumulation alters the structural and physical characteristics of secreted tropoelastin through an increase in cathepsin S mature protein levels.
Title: Cardiomyocyte intracellular cholesteryl ester accumulation promotes tropoelastin physical alteration and degradation: Role of LRP1 and cathepsin S.
Cysteine cathepsins may be putative leptin activity regulators in white adipose tissue.
Title: Cysteine cathepsin S processes leptin, inactivating its biological activity.
Inhibition of cathepsin S release is one mechanism that is responsible for purinergic P2X7 antagonist efficacy in neuropathic pain.
Title: Cathepsin S release from primary cultured microglia is regulated by the P2X7 receptor.
under neuropathic conditions, noxious stimulation of primary afferent fibers induces release of CatS from microglia, which liberates FKN from dorsal horn neurons, thereby contributing to the amplification and maintenance of chronic pain
Title: The liberation of fractalkine in the dorsal horn requires microglial cathepsin S.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

General gene information

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Markers

RH128983 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:212291

Ctss (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:470613

D0Mco69 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:518911

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables collagen binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables collagen binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables cysteine-type endopeptidase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables cysteine-type peptidase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cysteine-type peptidase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables fibronectin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables fibronectin binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables laminin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables laminin binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables peptidase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables proteoglycan binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables proteoglycan binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables serine-type endopeptidase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in adaptive immune response	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in adaptive immune response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in apoptotic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in basement membrane disassembly	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in basement membrane disassembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in bone resorption	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in collagen catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in collagen catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in metanephros development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cation channel activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of inflammatory response	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein processing	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in protein processing	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in proteolysis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within proteolysis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in proteolysis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to acidic pH	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to acidic pH	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cell surface	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular space	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in late endosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in late endosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in lysosome	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in lysosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in lysosome	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in phagocytic vesicle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in phagocytic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in phagocytic vesicle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: cathepsin S

NP_059016.2

EC 3.4.22.27

XP_063138486.1

EC 3.4.22.27

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_017320.2 → NP_059016.2 cathepsin S preproprotein

Status: VALIDATED

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000002

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I6AES4, A6K2Z7

Related

ENSRNOP00000092901.1, ENSRNOT00000105420.2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

smart00848
Location:37 → 96

Inhibitor_I29; Cathepsin propeptide inhibitor domain (I29)

pfam00112
Location:124 → 339

Peptidase_C1; Papain family cysteine protease