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    LAMC2 laminin subunit gamma 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3918, updated on 9-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    LAMC2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    laminin subunit gamma 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:6493
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000058085 MIM:150292; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6493
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    B2T; CSF; EBR2; BM600; EBR2A; JEB3A; JEB3B; LAMB2T; LAMNB2
    Summary
    Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins, composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively), have a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological functions of the different chains and trimer molecules are largely unknown, but some of the chains have been shown to differ with respect to their tissue distribution, presumably reflecting diverse functions in vivo. This gene encodes the gamma chain isoform laminin, gamma 2. The gamma 2 chain, formerly thought to be a truncated version of beta chain (B2t), is highly homologous to the gamma 1 chain; however, it lacks domain VI, and domains V, IV and III are shorter. It is expressed in several fetal tissues but differently from gamma 1, and is specifically localized to epithelial cells in skin, lung and kidney. The gamma 2 chain together with alpha 3 and beta 3 chains constitute laminin 5 (earlier known as kalinin), which is an integral part of the anchoring filaments that connect epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane. The epithelium-specific expression of the gamma 2 chain implied its role as an epithelium attachment molecule, and mutations in this gene have been associated with junctional epidermolysis bullosa, a skin disease characterized by blisters due to disruption of the epidermal-dermal junction. Two transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing of the 3' terminal exon, and encoding different isoforms of gamma 2 chain, have been described. The two variants are differentially expressed in embryonic tissues, however, the biological significance of the two forms is not known. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA_signal have also been noted in literature. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]
    Expression
    Broad expression in lung (RPKM 14.0), thyroid (RPKM 10.4) and 16 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
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    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See LAMC2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    1q25.3
    Exon count:
    25
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (183186264..183258968)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (182538023..182618306)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (183155399..183214262)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 41, pseudogene Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:182990015-182990514 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:182991252-182991807 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:182991808-182992362 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1625 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:182992918-182993471 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak499 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1627 Neighboring gene laminin subunit gamma 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2209 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2210 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7713 Neighboring gene LAMC1 antisense RNA 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:183128249-183128750 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2211 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:183154769-183155968 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2212 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr1:183197656-183197861 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 7016 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 596 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:183247773-183248584 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:183248585-183249395 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1629 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2213 Neighboring gene nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 Neighboring gene RPS3A pseudogene 8 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:183271685-183272658 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:183272659-183273632 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:183300194-183300759 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 8277 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105371646 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak501 silencer Neighboring gene SMG7 antisense RNA 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    A systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus pan-meta-GWAS reveals new shared susceptibility loci.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis is associated with rare HLA-DQB1 and HLA-B alleles.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Differential genetic associations for systemic lupus erythematosus based on anti-dsDNA autoantibody production.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study of coronary heart disease and its risk factors in 8,090 African Americans: the NHLBI CARe Project.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Tat tat Treatment with cannabinoids inhibits HIV-1 Tat-enhanced attachment of U937 cells to collagen IV, laminin, or ECM1 proteins, which is linked to the cannabinoid receptor type 2 and the modulation of beta1-integrin and actin distribution PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat enhances adhesion of human U937 monocyte-like cells to proteins of the extracellular matrix, such as collagen IV, laminin, and ECM1 PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, including the major basement membrane protein laminin PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Clone Names

    • MGC138491, MGC141938

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables extracellular matrix structural constituent RCA
    inferred from Reviewed Computational Analysis
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables heparin binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cell adhesion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in epidermis development TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell migration IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cell cortex IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix HDA PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in extracellular space IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    part_of laminin-2 complex IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    laminin subunit gamma-2
    Names
    BM600-100kDa
    CSF 140 kDa subunit
    cell-scattering factor 140 kDa subunit
    epiligrin subunit gamma
    kalinin subunit gamma
    ladsin 140 kDa subunit
    laminin B2t chain
    laminin, gamma 2
    large adhesive scatter factor 140 kDa subunit
    nicein subunit gamma

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_007079.3 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5002..63865
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_005562.3NP_005553.2  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005553.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the full length transcript variant. It encodes isoform (a) which is expressed in the epithelia of embryonic tissues.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL354953, X73902
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS1352.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q02536, Q02537, Q13752, Q13753, Q14941, Q14DF7, Q2M1N2, Q5VYE8
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DLD1
      Related
      ENSP00000264144.4, ENST00000264144.5
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      smart00281
      Location:245370
      LamB; Laminin B domain
      cd00055
      Location:83127
      EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...
      pfam00053
      Location:139184
      Laminin_EGF; Laminin EGF domain
      pfam04012
      Location:8511058
      PspA_IM30; PspA/IM30 family
      cl02488
      Location:8911111
      SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...
    2. NM_018891.3NP_061486.2  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform b precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_061486.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) represents a shorter transcript variant, compared to variant 1, and encodes a shorter isoform (b). Transcript variant 2, unlike variant 1, has limited expression only in the embryonic cerebral cortex, lung and distal tubules of the kidney.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL354953, BC113378
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS44285.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DLD1
      Related
      ENSP00000432063.1, ENST00000493293.5
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      smart00281
      Location:245370
      LamB; Laminin B domain
      cd00055
      Location:83127
      EGF_Lam; Laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like domain; laminins are the major noncollagenous components of basement membranes that mediate cell adhesion, growth migration, and differentiation; the laminin-type epidermal growth factor-like module occurs in ...
      pfam00053
      Location:139184
      Laminin_EGF; Laminin EGF domain
      pfam04012
      Location:8511058
      PspA_IM30; PspA/IM30 family
      cl02488
      Location:8911109
      SPEC; Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; ...

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      183186264..183258968
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047420358.1XP_047276314.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DLD1
    2. XM_047420361.1XP_047276317.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DLD1
    3. XM_017001273.2XP_016856762.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X3

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      182538023..182618306
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054336553.1XP_054192528.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X9

    2. XM_054336548.1XP_054192523.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X7

    3. XM_054336547.1XP_054192522.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X6

    4. XM_054336546.1XP_054192521.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X5

    5. XM_054336550.1XP_054192525.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X8

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q02536, Q02537, Q13752, Q13753, Q14941, Q14DF7, Q2M1N2, Q5VYE8
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DLD1
    6. XM_054336545.1XP_054192520.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X4

    7. XM_054336552.1XP_054192527.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DLD1
    8. XM_054336551.1XP_054192526.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DLD1
    9. XM_054336549.1XP_054192524.1  laminin subunit gamma-2 isoform X8

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q02536, Q02537, Q13752, Q13753, Q14941, Q14DF7, Q2M1N2, Q5VYE8
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B4DLD1