Pc pyruvate carboxylase [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Pcprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: pyruvate carboxylaseprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:3262
See related: EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000019372 AllianceGenome:RGD:3262
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Pcx
Summary: Enables ATP binding activity; biotin binding activity; and pyruvate carboxylase activity. Involved in carboxylic acid metabolic process; gluconeogenesis; and positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process. Predicted to be located in mitochondrion. Predicted to be active in mitochondrial matrix. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in pyruvate carboxylase deficiency disease. Orthologous to human PC (pyruvate carboxylase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Expression: Biased expression in Kidney (RPKM 891.7), Liver (RPKM 758.1) and 6 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1q43

Exon count:: 26

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	1	NC_086019.1 (211228708..211327792)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	1	NC_051336.1 (201799374..201898412)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	1	NC_005100.4 (219759157..219859854)

Chromosome 1 - NC_086019.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Data indicate that glucose-mediated transcriptional activation of the pyruvate carboxylase (PC) gene is regulated by transcription factors.
Title: Multiple E-boxes in the distal promoter of the rat pyruvate carboxylase gene function as a glucose-responsive element.
Pyruvate carboxylase and fatty acid synthase were knocked down in insulin cells. Insulin secretion, phospholipid and cholesterol esters were lowered.
Title: Knockdown of pyruvate carboxylase or fatty acid synthase lowers numerous lipids and glucose-stimulated insulin release in insulinoma cells.
A carbohydrate response element in the distal gene promoter contributes to the glucose-mediated expression of pyruvate carboxylase.
Title: Glucose induces expression of rat pyruvate carboxylase through a carbohydrate response element in the distal gene promoter.
PC is not only expressed in cultured astroglial cells but also in cultured oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, and ependymocytes.
Title: Expression of pyruvate carboxylase in cultured oligodendroglial, microglial and ependymal cells.
The PC pathway in beta cells may play a key role in pyruvate metabolism, insulin secretion and cell proliferation.
Title: The role of pyruvate carboxylase in insulin secretion and proliferation in rat pancreatic beta cells.
PC is important for insulin secretion stimulated by noncarbohydrate insulin secretagogues
Title: Impaired anaplerosis and insulin secretion in insulinoma cells caused by small interfering RNA-mediated suppression of pyruvate carboxylase.
The results presented here show that Foxa2 and USFs regulate the distal promoter of the rat PC gene in a cell-specific manner.
Title: Transcriptional regulation of the distal promoter of the rat pyruvate carboxylase gene by hepatocyte nuclear factor 3beta/Foxa2 and upstream stimulatory factors in insulinoma cells.
beta-cells activate compensatory mechanisms in response to suppression of PC expression that prevent impairment of anaplerosis, pyruvate cycling, NAPDH production, and GSIS
Title: Compensatory responses to pyruvate carboxylase suppression in islet beta-cells. Preservation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
Pyruvate carboxylase plays a role in the enhanced insulin secretion and beta-cell growth that characterize beta-cell adaptation to insulin resistance
Title: beta-Cell adaptation to insulin resistance. Increased pyruvate carboxylase and malate-pyruvate shuttle activity in islets of nondiabetic Zucker fatty rats.
Anaplerosis via pyruvate carboxylase is required for the fuel-induced rise in the ATP:ADP ratio in rat pancreatic islets.
Title: Anaplerosis via pyruvate carboxylase is required for the fuel-induced rise in the ATP:ADP ratio in rat pancreatic islets.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

BI301314 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:246794

RH94624 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119872

D1Got187 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:111999

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables biotin binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables biotin binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables carboxylic acid binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables identical protein binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables metal ion binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables pyruvate carboxylase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables pyruvate carboxylase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables pyruvate carboxylase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables pyruvate carboxylase activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables pyruvate carboxylase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in NADH metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in NADH metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in NADP metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in NADP metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in gluconeogenesis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in gluconeogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in gluconeogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in gluconeogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in lipid metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in oxaloacetate metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation by host of viral process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation by host of viral process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of phospholipid biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in pyruvate metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in pyruvate metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in pyruvate metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in viral RNA genome packaging	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in viral RNA genome packaging	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in viral release from host cell	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in viral release from host cell	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in mitochondrial matrix	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial

Names: PCB; pyruvic carboxylase

NP_036876.2

EC 6.4.1.1

XP_006230753.1

EC 6.4.1.1

XP_006230754.1

EC 6.4.1.1

XP_038957329.1

EC 6.4.1.1

XP_063137344.1

EC 6.4.1.1

XP_063137348.1

EC 6.4.1.1

XP_063137350.1

EC 6.4.1.1

XP_063137356.1

EC 6.4.1.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.