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    GALR2 galanin receptor 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 8811, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    GALR2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    galanin receptor 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:4133
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000182687 MIM:603691; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4133
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    GAL2-R; GALNR2; GALR-2
    Summary
    Galanin is an important neuromodulator present in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis. It is a 30-amino acid non-C-terminally amidated peptide that potently stimulates growth hormone secretion, inhibits cardiac vagal slowing of heart rate, abolishes sinus arrhythmia, and inhibits postprandial gastrointestinal motility. The actions of galanin are mediated through interaction with specific membrane receptors that are members of the 7-transmembrane family of G protein-coupled receptors. GALR2 interacts with the N-terminal residues of the galanin peptide. The primary signaling mechanism for GALR2 is through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via Gq), in contrast to GALR1, which communicates its intracellular signal by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through Gi. However, it has been demonstrated that GALR2 couples efficiently to both the Gq and Gi proteins to simultaneously activate 2 independent signal transduction pathways. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
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    Genomic context

    See GALR2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    17q25.1
    Exon count:
    4
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (76071962..76077537)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (76964823..76974102)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (74070862..74073618)

    Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene TEN1-CDK3 readthrough (NMD candidate) Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3002 silencer Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 2383 Neighboring gene cyclin dependent kinase 3 Neighboring gene envoplakin Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74022969-74023856 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74030076-74030683 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 345 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74036239-74036940 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74036941-74037642 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9001 Neighboring gene signal recognition particle 68 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74067885-74068712 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74068713-74069540 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74070927-74071808 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74072691-74073571 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74075097-74076094 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74076095-74077090 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3003 silencer Neighboring gene zinc activated ion channel Neighboring gene exocyst complex component 7 Neighboring gene microRNA 6868

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Clone Names

    • MGC125983, MGC125984

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables galanin receptor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables galanin receptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables neuropeptide binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables peptide hormone binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables peptide hormone binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in feeding behavior TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in galanin-activated signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in inositol phosphate metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in learning or memory TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in muscle contraction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in neuron projection development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in phosphatidylinositol metabolic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cilium IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_003857.4NP_003848.1  galanin receptor type 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_003848.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC018665, BC069130, BU631750
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11739.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A5JUU4, O43603, Q32MN8
      Related
      ENSP00000329684.3, ENST00000329003.4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00001
      Location:42292
      7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)
      cl21561
      Location:32177
      7tm_4; Olfactory receptor

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      76071962..76077537
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047436984.1XP_047292940.1  galanin receptor type 2 isoform X1

    2. XM_011525427.4XP_011523729.1  galanin receptor type 2 isoform X1

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00001
      Location:25235
      7tm_1; 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      76964823..76974102
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054317663.1XP_054173638.1  galanin receptor type 2 isoform X1

    2. XM_054317662.1XP_054173637.1  galanin receptor type 2 isoform X1