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    LIMK2 LIM domain kinase 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3985, updated on 27-Nov-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    LIMK2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    LIM domain kinase 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:6614
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000182541 MIM:601988; AllianceGenome:HGNC:6614
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Summary
    There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated and activated by ROCK, a downstream effector of Rho, and the encoded protein, in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. It is thought that this pathway contributes to Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. At least three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in skin (RPKM 19.7), placenta (RPKM 19.5) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See LIMK2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    22q12.2
    Exon count:
    18
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 22 NC_000022.11 (31212298..31280080)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 22 NC_060946.1 (31675859..31744063)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 22 NC_000022.10 (31608284..31676066)

    Chromosome 22 - NC_000022.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene microRNA 3928 Neighboring gene ring finger protein 185 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:31579617-31580130 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:31580131-31580643 Neighboring gene origin of replication in RNF185 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18849 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13624 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:31608967-31609892 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18850 Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 1128, pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18851 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:31643479-31644369 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:31644370-31645259 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:31672194-31672774 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr22:31674451-31674951 Neighboring gene protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14B pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18852 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18853 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13625 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 13626 Neighboring gene phosphoinositide-3-kinase interacting protein 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18854 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372997 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 18855

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    A genome-wide association study for diabetic nephropathy genes in African Americans.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study identifies ephrin type A receptors implicated in paclitaxel induced peripheral sensory neuropathy.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of LIM domain kinase 2 (LIMK2) by siRNA inhibits the early stages of HIV-1 replication in 293T cells infected with VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Filamin-A-dependent activation of the RhoA-ROCK-LIMK-cofilin pathway is a major event in HIV-1 gp120-induced receptor clustering PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 activates LIMK1/2 by increased levels of LIMK1/2 phosphorylation. Gp120-mediated LIMK activation is dependent on the Rack-PAK-LIMK pathway through phosphorylation of PAK2 and Rac1 PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables AMP-activated protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables DNA-dependent protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables Rho-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2AS1 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2AS121 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2AT120 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2AXS139 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2BS14 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H2BS36 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3S10 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3S28 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3S57 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T11 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T3 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T45 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H3T6 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables histone H4S1 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in centrosome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cis-Golgi network IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in cytoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in mitotic spindle IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in nucleus TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    LIM domain kinase 2
    NP_001026971.1
    NP_005560.1
    NP_057952.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_029895.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5035..72817
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001031801.2NP_001026971.1  LIM domain kinase 2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001026971.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC013051, BU553494
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS33637.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5MC51
      Related
      ENSP00000339916.4, ENST00000340552.4
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd09465
      Location:46104
      LIM2_LIMK2; The second LIM domain of LIMK2 (LIM domain Kinase 2)
      pfam00595
      Location:131215
      PDZ; PDZ domain (Also known as DHR or GLGF)
      pfam05361
      Location:564686
      PP1_inhibitor; PKC-activated protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor
      cl02475
      Location:1544
      LIM; LIM is a small protein-protein interaction domain, containing two zinc fingers
      cl21453
      Location:316570
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    2. NM_005569.4NP_005560.1  LIM domain kinase 2 isoform 2a

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005560.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2a) differs in the 5' UTR and coding region as well as the 3' UTR and coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2a) is shorter and has distinct N- and C-termini compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC002073, BC013051, BX385507, D45906
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS13891.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      A8K6H5, P53671, Q7KZ80, Q7L3H5, Q96E10, Q99464, Q9UFU0
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5BU33
      Related
      ENSP00000332687.4, ENST00000331728.9
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd09463
      Location:1265
      LIM1_LIMK2; The first LIM domain of LIMK2 (LIM domain Kinase 2)
      cd09465
      Location:67125
      LIM2_LIMK2; The second LIM domain of LIMK2 (LIM domain Kinase 2)
      smart00221
      Location:334601
      STYKc; Protein kinase; unclassified specificity
      cd14222
      Location:337608
      STKc_LIMK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, LIM domain kinase 2
      pfam00595
      Location:152236
      PDZ; PDZ domain (Also known as DHR or GLGF)
    3. NM_016733.3NP_057952.1  LIM domain kinase 2 isoform 2b

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_057952.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2b) differs in the 3' UTR and coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2b) is shorter and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC002073, BC013051, BU553494
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS13892.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B2RAW9
      Related
      ENSP00000330470.4, ENST00000333611.8
      Conserved Domains (5) summary
      cd09465
      Location:46104
      LIM2_LIMK2; The second LIM domain of LIMK2 (LIM domain Kinase 2)
      smart00221
      Location:313580
      STYKc; Protein kinase; unclassified specificity
      cd14222
      Location:316587
      STKc_LIMK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, LIM domain kinase 2
      pfam00595
      Location:131215
      PDZ; PDZ domain (Also known as DHR or GLGF)
      cl02475
      Location:1544
      LIM; LIM is a small protein-protein interaction domain, containing two zinc fingers

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000022.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      31212298..31280080
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060946.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      31675859..31744063
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)