CCL15 C-C motif chemokine ligand 15 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: CCL15provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: C-C motif chemokine ligand 15provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:10613
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000275718 MIM:601393; AllianceGenome:HGNC:10613
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: LKN1; NCC3; SY15; HCC-2; LKN-1; MIP-5; NCC-3; SCYL3; MIP-1D; MRP-2B; SCYA15; HMRP-2B; MIP-1 delta
Summary: This gene is located in a cluster of similar genes in the same region of chromosome 17. These genes encode CC cytokines, which are secreted proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The product of this gene is chemotactic for T cells and monocytes, and acts through C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1). The proprotein is further processed into numerous smaller functional peptides. Naturally-occurring readthrough transcripts occur from this gene into the downstream gene, CCL14 (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14). [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2013]
Expression: Biased expression in colon (RPKM 21.9), small intestine (RPKM 21.7) and 6 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 17q12

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	17	NC_000017.11 (35997582..36001553, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	17	NC_060941.1 (36945485..36949456, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	17	NC_000017.10 (34324618..34328592, complement)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
BioProject: PRJNA270632
Publication: PMID 26076956
Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

CTHRC1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by recruiting tumor-associated macrophages via up-regulation of CCL15.
Title: CTHRC1 promotes colorectal cancer progression by recruiting tumor-associated macrophages via up-regulation of CCL15.
Eosinophil-derived chemokine (hCCL15/23, mCCL6) interacts with CCR1 to promote eosinophilic airway inflammation.
Title: Eosinophil-derived chemokine (hCCL15/23, mCCL6) interacts with CCR1 to promote eosinophilic airway inflammation.
Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Modulates Chemokine CCL15 Upregulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Title: Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Modulates Chemokine CCL15 Upregulation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 15 May Be a Useful Biomarker for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.
Title: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 15 May Be a Useful Biomarker for Predicting the Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.
Plasma concentrations of CCL15, the human homolog of mouse CCL9, were elevated in a previously published cohort of 211 cGVHD patients compared with controls and associated with NRM. In a cohort of 792 patients, CCL15 measured at day +100 could not predict cGVHD occurring within the next 3 months with clinically relevant sensitivity/specificity.
Title: Murine chronic graft-versus-host disease proteome profiling discovers CCL15 as a novel biomarker in patients.
CCL15 secreted from SMAD4-deficient xenografted human colorectal cancer cells recruited CCR1(+) cells, promoting their metastatic activities to the lung. Lung metastases from colorectal cancer patients revealed that CCL15 expression correlated with loss of SMAD4. CCL15-positive metastases recruited approximately 1.9 times more numbers of CCR1(+) cells than CCL15-negative metastases.
Title: Loss of SMAD4 Promotes Lung Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer by Accumulation of CCR1+ Tumor-Associated Neutrophils through CCL15-CCR1 Axis.
CCL15 activation of CCR1 plays critical roles in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis.
Title: CCL15/CCR1 axis is involved in hepatocellular carcinoma cells migration and invasion.
Orthotopic animal models of HCC were established to investigate the role of CCL15 in hMSCs migration toward HCC in vivo. Both histological and flow cytometric analysis showed that significantly fewer hMSCs localized within 97H-CCL15-shRNA xenografts compared with 97H-green fluorescent protein xenografts after intravenous delivery
Title: Chemokine CCL15 Mediates Migration of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Toward Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Loss of SMAD4 was significantly associated with CCL15 expression.
Title: Loss of SMAD4 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Progression by Accumulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells through the CCL15-CCR1 Chemokine Axis.
follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) might induce tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) infiltration by producing CCL15. Measurement of TAMs and CCL15 in follicular thyroid lesions may be applied clinically to differentiate FTC from follicular adenoma
Title: Follicular thyroid carcinoma but not adenoma recruits tumor-associated macrophages by releasing CCL15.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (29)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 upregulates the expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15 (CCL15) in peptide-treated PBMCs	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

GDB:607754 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:158279

D17S758 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:147151

RH12877 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:11729

Readthrough CCL15-CCL14

Readthrough gene: CCL15-CCL14, Included gene: CCL14

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables CCR chemokine receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables chemoattractant activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chemokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables heparin binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables signaling receptor binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cell chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cell-cell signaling	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in chemotaxis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in inflammatory response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in positive chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in signal transduction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: C-C motif chemokine 15

Names: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 15; chemokine CC-2; leukotactin 1; macrophage inflammatory protein 5; new CC chemokine 3; small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 15; small-inducible cytokine A15

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_032965.6 → NP_116741.2 C-C motif chemokine 15 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_116741.2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AI244164, BX098368

Consensus CDS

CCDS11304.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B2RU34, E1P651, Q16663, Q9UM74

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A0B4J2E2, A0A8I5JUL6

Related

ENSP00000484078.1, ENST00000617897.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

smart00199
Location:52 → 108

SCY; Intercrine alpha family (small cytokine C-X-C) (chemokine CXC)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Range

35997582..36001553 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

Genomic

NT_187614.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 ALT_REF_LOCI_1

Range

232146..236120 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Range

36945485..36949456 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

NM_004167.4: Suppressed sequence

Description

NM_004167.4: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
NM_032964.3: Suppressed sequence

Description

NM_032964.3: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.