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    Dark Death-associated APAF1-related killer [ Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) ]

    Gene ID: 36914, updated on 17-Dec-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Darkprovided by FlyBase
    Official Full Name
    Death-associated APAF1-related killerprovided by FlyBase
    Primary source
    FLYBASE:FBgn0263864
    Locus tag
    Dmel_CG6829
    See related
    AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0263864
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Drosophila melanogaster
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
    Also known as
    anon-53Fa; Apaf; apaf-1; Apaf-1; APAF-1; apaf1; Apaf1; APAF1; arc; ark; Ark; ARK; CG6829; D-Apaf-1; dapaf; dapaf-1; dApaf-1; dAPAF-1; Dapaf-1; dApaf-1/DARK/HAC-1; Dapaf-1/HAC-1; dapaf-1L; dapaf-1S; dApaf1; dark; dArk; DARK; Dark/Apaf-I; dark/dapaf-1/hac-1; Dark/Dapaf-1/HAC1; dark/hac-1/dapaf-1; Dark/Hac-1/dApaf-1; Dark/Hac-1/dApaf1; Dmel\CG6829; dpf; hac-1; Hac-1; Hac-1/Dark; hac1; Hac1; l(2)SH0173; T1
    Summary
    Enables ADP binding activity; ATP binding activity; and cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process. Involved in several processes, including autophagic cell death; nervous system development; and positive regulation of programmed cell death. Part of apoptosome. Is expressed in several structures, including epithelial furrow; head mesoderm; imaginal disc; and neurogenic region. Orthologous to human APAF1 (apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
    Orthologs
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    Genomic context

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    See Dark in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    53E4-53E4; 2-81 cM
    Exon count:
    11
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    Release 6.54 current Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4) 2R NT_033778.4 (17020027..17026703)
    Release 5.57 previous assembly Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2) 2R NT_033778.3 (12907532..12914208)

    Chromosome 2R - NT_033778.4Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Eps15 homology domain containing protein-binding protein 1 Neighboring gene Poly(A) binding protein interacting protein 1 Neighboring gene antisense RNA:CR44390 Neighboring gene Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Structure of Apaf-1 in the auto-inhibited form: a critical role for ADP. Bao Q, et al. Cell Cycle, 2005 Aug. PMID 15970665
    2. Three-dimensional structure of a double apoptosome formed by the Drosophila Apaf-1 related killer. Yu X, et al. J Mol Biol, 2006 Jan 20. PMID 16310803
    3. A Near-Atomic Structure of the Dark Apoptosome Provides Insight into Assembly and Activation. Cheng TC, et al. Structure, 2017 Jan 3. PMID 27916517, Free PMC Article
    4. Transcriptional profiling of apoptosis-deficient Drosophila mutants. Obata F, et al. Genom Data, 2014 Dec. PMID 26484104, Free PMC Article
    5. Genetic mapping of Uba3 (O.2.2) , a pupal lethal mutation in Drosophila melanogaster. Mast E, et al. MicroPubl Biol, 2022. PMID 35622528, Free PMC Article

    See all (266) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Dark and Dronc activation in Drosophila melanogaster.
      Title: Dark and Dronc activation in Drosophila melanogaster.
    2. Study presents a structure of the Dark apoptosome at 4.4 A degrees resolution. A nearly complete atomic model clarifies dATP selectivity during nucleotide exchange, suggests a role for the b-propellers in assembly, and provides a framework to understand apical procaspase activation.
      Title: A Near-Atomic Structure of the Dark Apoptosome Provides Insight into Assembly and Activation.
    3. Daxx-like protein of Drosophila interacts with Dmp53 and affects longevity and Ark mRNA level
      Title: Daxx-like protein of Drosophila interacts with Dmp53 and affects longevity and Ark mRNA level.
    4. identified helical domain I in the nucleotide oligomerization domain as critical for ARK's apoptotic activity.
      Title: ARK, the Apaf-1 related killer in Drosophila, requires diverse domains for its apoptotic activity.
    5. ARK is essential for apoptosis during D. melanogaster development, and for radiation-induced apoptosis. Ark mutant embryos have extra cells, and tissues such as brain lobes and wing discs are enlarged.
      Title: The Drosophila melanogaster Apaf-1 homologue ARK is required for most, but not all, programmed cell death.
    6. polyglutamine-induced cell death was dramatically suppressed in flies lacking Dark, the fly homolog of human Apaf-1, a key regulator of apoptosis
      Title: Inactivation of Drosophila Apaf-1 related killer suppresses formation of polyglutamine aggregates and blocks polyglutamine pathogenesis.
    7. structural analysis of Apaf-1 in the auto-inhibited form demonstrates the critical role of ADP [review]
      Title: Structure of Apaf-1 in the auto-inhibited form: a critical role for ADP.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    mobile_element

    • Loc: 17021017-17021296 mobile_element_type = transposon:INE-1{}4557

    Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ADP binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables ADP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables ATP binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables CARD domain binding ISM
    Inferred from Sequence Model
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables structural molecule activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in S-adenosylmethionine cycle IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in apoptotic process IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in autophagic cell death IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in central nervous system formation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in chaeta development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in compound eye retinal cell programmed cell death IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in dendrite morphogenesis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in melanization defense response IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of humoral immune response IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in neuron cellular homeostasis IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of glial cell apoptotic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in programmed cell death IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to gamma radiation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to starvation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in salivary gland histolysis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in sarcosine catabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in sperm individualization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in triglyceride homeostasis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of apoptosome IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    Death-associated APAF1-related killer
    Names
    Apaf-1 related
    Apaf-1 related killer
    Apaf-1-related killer
    Apaf-1-related-killer
    CG6829-PA
    CG6829-PB
    Dark-PA
    Dark-PB
    apaf1-related killer
    dark
    drosophila Apaf-1-related killer
    lethal (2) SH0173
    transcription unit 1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    Genome Annotation

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference assembly

    Genomic

    1. NT_033778.4 Reference assembly

      Range
      17020027..17026703
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_166208.3 → NP_725638.1  Death-associated APAF1-related killer, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_725638.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Related
      FBpp0086121
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00931
      Location:133 → 390
      NB-ARC; NB-ARC domain

    2. NM_166207.3 → NP_725637.1  Death-associated APAF1-related killer, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_725637.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q7KLI1, Q9U8R4
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      B5RJS4
      Related
      FBpp0086122
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00931
      Location:133 → 390
      NB-ARC; NB-ARC domain
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q7KLI1 Q7KLI1
    Q9U8R4 Q9U8R4

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