brm brahma [Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: brmprovided by FlyBase
Official Full Name: brahmaprovided by FlyBase
Primary source: FLYBASE:FBgn0000212
Locus tag: Dmel_CG5942
See related: AllianceGenome:FB:FBgn0000212
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Drosophila melanogaster
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora
Also known as: Brahma; BRD; Brg; Brm; BRM; Brm @ Kto; CG18438; CG5942; dBRM; Dmel\CG5942; dSMARCA4; dSNF2; E(E2F)3A; l(3)72Aa
Summary: Enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity; histone reader activity; and transcription coactivator binding activity. Involved in several processes, including imaginal disc-derived wing morphogenesis; neuron projection morphogenesis; and regulation of gene expression. Located in nucleus and polytene chromosome. Part of brahma complex. Is expressed in several structures, including adult head; embryonic/larval salivary gland; imaginal disc; larval central nervous system; and larval dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC. Used to study Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome and opportunistic bacterial infectious disease. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Coffin-Siris syndrome 4; Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome; blepharophimosis-impaired intellectual development syndrome; carcinoma (multiple); and rhabdoid cancer. Orthologous to several human genes including SMARCA2 (SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Dec 2024]
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 72C1-72C1; 3-43 cM

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
Release 6.54	current	Release 6 plus ISO1 MT (GCF_000001215.4)	3L	NT_037436.4 (15970082..15982869, complement)
Release 5.57	previous assembly	Release 5 (GCF_000001215.2)	3L	NT_037436.3 (15963182..15975969, complement)

Chromosome 3L - NT_037436.4 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

A dual-function SNF2 protein drives chromatid resolution and nascent transcripts removal in mitosis.
Title: A dual-function SNF2 protein drives chromatid resolution and nascent transcripts removal in mitosis.
CLOCK and TIMELESS regulate rhythmic occupancy of the BRAHMA chromatin-remodeling protein at clock gene promoters.
Title: CLOCK and TIMELESS regulate rhythmic occupancy of the BRAHMA chromatin-remodeling protein at clock gene promoters.
In vivo analysis reveals that ATP-hydrolysis couples remodeling to SWI/SNF release from chromatin.
Title: In vivo analysis reveals that ATP-hydrolysis couples remodeling to SWI/SNF release from chromatin.
Osa-Containing Brahma Complex Regulates Innate Immunity and the Expression of Metabolic Genes in Drosophila.
Title: Osa-Containing Brahma Complex Regulates Innate Immunity and the Expression of Metabolic Genes in Drosophila.
CDK-mediated phosphorylation of Brm is important in G1-S phase regulation and differentiation in vivo.
Title: Phosphorylation of Drosophila Brahma on CDK-phosphorylation sites is important for cell cycle regulation and differentiation.
SWI/SNF regulates half of its targets without the need of ATP-driven nucleosome remodeling by Brahma
Title: SWI/SNF regulates half of its targets without the need of ATP-driven nucleosome remodeling by Brahma.
Examination of the epistatic relationship between candidate genes and Stat92E reveals that Ptp61F and brm interact with Stat92E during both border cell specification and migration.
Title: Identification of Novel Regulators of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway that Control Border Cell Migration in the Drosophila Ovary.
Study characterizes the BRAHMA (BRM) chromatin-remodeling protein in Drosophila in the context of circadian clock regulation. By dissecting its catalytic vs. non-catalytic activities, we propose a model in which the non-catalytic activity of BRM functions to recruit repressive factors to limit the transcriptional output of CLK during the active phase of circadian transcription.
Title: Understanding the role of chromatin remodeling in the regulation of circadian transcription in Drosophila.
This paper identified the Brahma (Brm) complex as a regulator of the Drosophila clock
Title: The Catalytic and Non-catalytic Functions of the Brahma Chromatin-Remodeling Protein Collaborate to Fine-Tune Circadian Transcription in Drosophila.
Data indicate that brahma protein (Brm) in the form of the PBAP complex functions in the germline stem cells (GSCs) fate regulation.
Title: Evidence for chromatin-remodeling complex PBAP-controlled maintenance of the Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (30)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

NCBI Orthologs

Orthologs from OrthoDB

Gene Ontology Provided by FlyBase

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ATP hydrolysis activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables chromatin binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables histone binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables histone reader activity	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables nucleosome array spacer activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables transcription coactivator binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in axonogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cell dedifferentiation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in chromatin remodeling	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in chromatin remodeling	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in dendrite guidance	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in dendrite morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in hemocyte proliferation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in heterochromatin formation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing margin morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in intestinal stem cell homeostasis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of stem cell proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in regulation of innate immune response	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of innate immune response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of neuroblast proliferation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in ventral cord development	HMP more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
part_of brahma complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in chromatin	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in polytene chromosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: brahma

Names: CG5942-PA; CG5942-PB; CG5942-PC; CG5942-PD; CG5942-PE; CG5942-PF; brm-PA; brm-PB; brm-PC; brm-PD; brm-PE; brm-PF; complementation group 3.5

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NT_037436.4 Reference assembly

Range

15970082..15982869 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_168640.2 → NP_730088.1 brahma, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_730088.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P25439

Related

FBpp0075279

Conserved Domains (10) summary

cd05516
Location:1421 → 1526

Bromo_SNF2L2; Bromodomain, SNF2L2-like subfamily, specific to animals. SNF2L2 (SNF2-alpha) or SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 2 is a global transcriptional activator, which cooperates with nuclear hormone ...

PHA02934
Location:683 → 820

PHA02934; Hypothetical protein; Provisional

smart00592
Location:645 → 689

BRK; domain in transcription and CHROMO domain helicases

smart00573
Location:497 → 569

HSA; domain in helicases and associated with SANT domains

smart00951
Location:168 → 198

QLQ; QLQ is named after the conserved Gln, Leu, Gln motif

cd00046
Location:789 → 928

DEXDc; DEAD-like helicases superfamily. A diverse family of proteins involved in ATP-dependent RNA or DNA unwinding. This domain contains the ATP-binding region.

pfam00176
Location:772 → 1067

SNF2_N; SNF2 family N-terminal domain

pfam00271
Location:1093 → 1208

Helicase_C; Helicase conserved C-terminal domain

pfam06346
Location:247 → 386

Drf_FH1; Formin Homology Region 1

pfam14619
Location:1300 → 1371

SnAC; Snf2-ATP coupling, chromatin remodelling complex
NM_080497.5 → NP_536745.4 brahma, isoform C [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_536745.4

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P25439

Related

FBpp0075278

Conserved Domains (10) summary

cd05516
Location:1421 → 1526

Bromo_SNF2L2; Bromodomain, SNF2L2-like subfamily, specific to animals. SNF2L2 (SNF2-alpha) or SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 2 is a global transcriptional activator, which cooperates with nuclear hormone ...

PHA02934
Location:683 → 820

PHA02934; Hypothetical protein; Provisional

smart00592
Location:645 → 689

BRK; domain in transcription and CHROMO domain helicases

smart00573
Location:497 → 569

HSA; domain in helicases and associated with SANT domains

smart00951
Location:168 → 198

QLQ; QLQ is named after the conserved Gln, Leu, Gln motif

cd00046
Location:789 → 928

DEXDc; DEAD-like helicases superfamily. A diverse family of proteins involved in ATP-dependent RNA or DNA unwinding. This domain contains the ATP-binding region.

pfam00176
Location:772 → 1067

SNF2_N; SNF2 family N-terminal domain

pfam00271
Location:1093 → 1208

Helicase_C; Helicase conserved C-terminal domain

pfam06346
Location:247 → 386

Drf_FH1; Formin Homology Region 1

pfam14619
Location:1300 → 1371

SnAC; Snf2-ATP coupling, chromatin remodelling complex
NM_001274978.1 → NP_001261907.1 brahma, isoform F [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261907.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

M9PFM5

Conserved Domains (10) summary

cd05516
Location:1429 → 1534

Bromo_SNF2L2; Bromodomain, SNF2L2-like subfamily, specific to animals. SNF2L2 (SNF2-alpha) or SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 2 is a global transcriptional activator, which cooperates with nuclear hormone ...

PHA02934
Location:691 → 828

PHA02934; Hypothetical protein; Provisional

smart00592
Location:653 → 697

BRK; domain in transcription and CHROMO domain helicases

smart00573
Location:505 → 577

HSA; domain in helicases and associated with SANT domains

smart00951
Location:176 → 206

QLQ; QLQ is named after the conserved Gln, Leu, Gln motif

cd00046
Location:797 → 936

DEXDc; DEAD-like helicases superfamily. A diverse family of proteins involved in ATP-dependent RNA or DNA unwinding. This domain contains the ATP-binding region.

pfam00176
Location:780 → 1075

SNF2_N; SNF2 family N-terminal domain

pfam00271
Location:1101 → 1216

Helicase_C; Helicase conserved C-terminal domain

pfam06346
Location:255 → 394

Drf_FH1; Formin Homology Region 1

pfam14619
Location:1308 → 1379

SnAC; Snf2-ATP coupling, chromatin remodelling complex
NM_080498.3 → NP_536746.1 brahma, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_536746.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A4V1Z7, A4V1Z8, P25439, Q9VUW5, Q9VUW6

Related

FBpp0075280

Conserved Domains (8) summary

cd05516
Location:1425 → 1530

Bromo_SNF2L2; Bromodomain, SNF2L2-like subfamily, specific to animals. SNF2L2 (SNF2-alpha) or SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 2 is a global transcriptional activator, which cooperates with nuclear hormone ...

PTZ00121
Location:477 → 651

PTZ00121; MAEBL; Provisional

smart00573
Location:501 → 573

HSA; domain in helicases and associated with SANT domains

PLN03142
Location:739 → 1368

PLN03142; Probable chromatin-remodeling complex ATPase chain; Provisional

cd17996
Location:770 → 1000

DEXHc_SMARCA2_SMARCA4; DEXH-box helicase domain of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4

pfam07533
Location:650 → 691

BRK; BRK domain

pfam08880
Location:173 → 202

QLQ

pfam15240
Location:247 → 401

Pro-rich; Proline-rich
NM_001274977.1 → NP_001261906.1 brahma, isoform E [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001261906.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

M9PFS6

Conserved Domains (10) summary

cd05516
Location:1425 → 1530

Bromo_SNF2L2; Bromodomain, SNF2L2-like subfamily, specific to animals. SNF2L2 (SNF2-alpha) or SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 2 is a global transcriptional activator, which cooperates with nuclear hormone ...

PHA02934
Location:687 → 824

PHA02934; Hypothetical protein; Provisional

smart00592
Location:649 → 693

BRK; domain in transcription and CHROMO domain helicases

smart00573
Location:501 → 573

HSA; domain in helicases and associated with SANT domains

smart00951
Location:172 → 202

QLQ; QLQ is named after the conserved Gln, Leu, Gln motif

cd00046
Location:793 → 932

DEXDc; DEAD-like helicases superfamily. A diverse family of proteins involved in ATP-dependent RNA or DNA unwinding. This domain contains the ATP-binding region.

pfam00176
Location:776 → 1071

SNF2_N; SNF2 family N-terminal domain

pfam00271
Location:1097 → 1212

Helicase_C; Helicase conserved C-terminal domain

pfam06346
Location:251 → 390

Drf_FH1; Formin Homology Region 1

pfam14619
Location:1304 → 1375

SnAC; Snf2-ATP coupling, chromatin remodelling complex
NM_168641.1 → NP_730089.1 brahma, isoform B [Drosophila melanogaster]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_730089.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A4V1Z7, A4V1Z8, P25439, Q9VUW5, Q9VUW6

Related

FBpp0075281, FBtr0075526

Conserved Domains (8) summary

cd05516
Location:1425 → 1530

Bromo_SNF2L2; Bromodomain, SNF2L2-like subfamily, specific to animals. SNF2L2 (SNF2-alpha) or SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 2 is a global transcriptional activator, which cooperates with nuclear hormone ...

PTZ00121
Location:477 → 651

PTZ00121; MAEBL; Provisional

smart00573
Location:501 → 573

HSA; domain in helicases and associated with SANT domains

PLN03142
Location:739 → 1368

PLN03142; Probable chromatin-remodeling complex ATPase chain; Provisional

cd17996
Location:770 → 1000

DEXHc_SMARCA2_SMARCA4; DEXH-box helicase domain of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4

pfam07533
Location:650 → 691

BRK; BRK domain

pfam08880
Location:173 → 202

QLQ

pfam15240
Location:247 → 401

Pro-rich; Proline-rich